Verse:Hmøøh/Talma/Literature: Difference between revisions

From Linguifex
Jump to navigation Jump to search
m (IlL moved page Verse:Tricin/Talma/Literature to Verse:Hmøøh/Talma/Literature without leaving a redirect)
 
(103 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
=Ancient literature=
*Ancient Talmic, Windermere etc. epics
*Tracts describing religious rituals such as hand-washing
*Sondmoridh Manuscripts
*The Ngăthoar


'''Netagin''' (''barits Natāgīn'') is a (largely reconstructed) triconsonantal language inspired by Biblical Hebrew and Aramaic, spoken in Western Etalocin. This page describes Ancient Netagin, the oldest attested stage of Netagin.
=Gweats literature=
==Todo==
=Fnüeng literature=
*''-īn, -iyyō, -īnā'' = adjectival/abstract suffix
*final -ʔ to block initial seimhiu in descendants
*Honorific system
*Imperatives? Moods/seq of tenses?
===Words===
*''ʔiȝsō'' = eagle
===Roots===
*''w-s-g'': similar
**''tawsūg'': replica
*''n-t-g'': sing
**''tattug'' = to narrate, tell of
**''tattōgō'' = epic, saga, legend
*''r-s-d'': learn
*''z-ʔ-r'': go
*''w-r-s'': love
*''b-n-s'': hide
*''ȝ-z-f'': poke
*''z-ħ-m'': praise, honor
*''ŋ-t-w'': new
*''k-n-f'': reason
*''h-ŋ-ts'': empty, null
*''ħ-d-k'': warm
*''ts-ŋ-ṭ'': garden, horticulture
*''g-m-z'': letter, element
*''s-b-r'': compassion, sympathy
*''f-x-r'': agree, blend
*''n-b-x'': courage
*''t-f-k'': know
*''y-r-f'': roll
*''f-ts-m'': read
*''3-k-r'': write
*''z-r-b'': true, firm
*''x-d-3'': half, split
*''f-s-T'': step, stage
*'''-b-3'': mind
*''w-t-f'': die


===Patterns===
=Classical Period literature=
*''1a22ū3'' = an adjective pattern
*Emisom Grouid's translations and poetry
*''na1ā2ī3''?
*Lesch Mltzhyphe's tragedies
*''ta12ū3'' = a noun pattern
*Etsoj Jopah's poetry
*Alice in Wonderland/Proto-Hofstadterian stuff


==Phonology==
=Romantic literature=
===Consonants===
*Industrial revolution, some of its harms
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:700px;text-align:center;"
**Two opposing camps: one favors returning to preindustrial society and one favors more tech and social development to fix problems
! colspan="2" |
!  |Labial
!  |Alveolar
!  |Lateral
!  |Palatal
!  |Velar
!  |Uvular
!  |Pharyngeal
!  |Glottal
|-
! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal
| '''m''' /m/
|colspan="2"| '''n''' /n/
|
| '''ŋ''' /ŋ/
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |Plosive
! |<small>plain</small>
|
|colspan="2"| '''t''' /t/
|
| '''k''' /k/
|
|
| '''ʔ''' /ʔ/
|-
! |<small>tense</small>
|
|colspan="2"| '''ṭ''' /t˭/
|
| '''ḳ''' /k˭/
|
|
|
|-
! |<small>voiced</small>
| '''b''' /b/
|colspan="2"| '''d''' /d/
|
| '''g''' /g/
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" style="" |Affricate
|
| '''c''' /ts/
| '''q''' /tɬ/
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" style="" |Fricative
! |<small>voiceless</small>
| '''f''' /f/
| '''s''' /s/
| '''x''' /ɬ/
|
|
|
| '''ħ''' /ħ/
| '''h''' /h/
|-
! |<small>voiced</small>
|
| '''z''' /z/
|
|
|
|rowspan="2" colspan="2"| '''ȝ''' /ʁ~ʕ/
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Approximant
| '''w''' /w/
|colspan="2"| '''r''' /ɾ/
| '''j''' /j/
|
|
|}


===Vowels===
==Horror and science fiction==
The following vowels were used:
In Talma, horror literature first took off in Amphir during the Romantic period and its literary influence spread to Skella and Fyxoom, which developed it into Lovecraft-esque science fiction literature. Horror literature also greatly influenced [[Verse:Tricin/Talma/Music|Talman classical music]] during the late Romantic period.


<poem>
<poem>
i iː u uː
hm, i would picture a lovecraftian romance to have the romance be... consuming, destructive, the world falling around it
a aː oː
like an occultist gone mad but the relationship they have with their god is more... personal
aj aw
if i want to be "literary" i could easily imagine consuming romance as related here to like, consuming forbidden nowledge
</poem>
</poem>


{{angbr|'''i ī u ū a ā ō ay aw'''}}
===Figures===
*'''Hyjad Orphair''' was a late Romantic author who is best known for her enormously successful ''Jyndychouis'' cycle of horror + romance novels. It was made into a ''vylám'' (opera) ''Jyndychouis'' by the Amphirese composer Propanol Mochraid, the best known of the late Talman Romantic ''vylám''s.


Stress is marked with an acute accent.
=Modern literature=
 
==Science fiction==
==Morphology==
===Nouns and adjectives===
The definite article was ''ʔis-''.
====Number====
Three numbers: sg, du/col, pl
 
Two genders: plain, honorific
 
Honorific marked with -ō
 
absolute, construct, possessed forms
 
For example, below are the declensions of ''yarifi'' (plain) = 'wheel'; ''ʔiȝsō'' (honorific) = 'eagle'
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Sample nouns
|-
! style="width: 90px;" rowspan="2" | !! colspan="2" | Singulative !! colspan="2" | Dual-collective !! colspan="2" | Plurative
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | absolute !! style="width: 90px;" | construct !! style="width: 90px;" | absolute !! style="width: 90px;" | construct !! style="width: 90px;" | absolute !! style="width: 90px;" | construct
|-
!Plain
|| ''yarifi'' || ''yarif'' || ''yarifūʔ'' || ''yarifū'' || ''yarifāʔ'' || ''yarifā''
|-
!Honorific
|| ''ʔiȝsō'' || ''ʔiȝsōn'' || ''ʔiȝsōnūʔ'' || ''ʔiȝsōnū'' || ''ʔiȝsōbi'' || ''ʔiȝsōb''
|}
 
====Possessive suffixes====
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|+Air singulative nouns
|-
! !! Singular !! Dual !! Plural
|-
! 1
| ''yarififi'' || ''yarififū'' || ''yarififā''
|-
! 2
| ''yarifini'' || ''yarifinū'' || ''yarifinā'' 
|-
! 3
| ''yarifihi'' || ''yarifihū'' || ''yarifihā''
|}
{{col-break}}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|+Earth singulative nouns
|-
! !! Singular !! Dual !! Plural
|-
! 1
| ''bilāfi'' || ''bilāfū'' || ''bilāfā''
|-
! 2
| ''bilāni'' || ''bilānū'' || ''bilānā'' 
|-
! 3
| ''bilāhi'' || ''bilāhū'' || ''bilāhā''
|}
{{col-break}}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|+Fire singulative nouns
|-
! !! Singular !! Dual !! Plural
|-
! 1
| ''mufgōrayfi'' || ''mufgōrayfū'' || ''mufgōrayfā''
|-
! 2
| ''mufgōrayni'' || ''mufgōraynū'' || ''mufgōraynā'' 
|-
! 3
| ''mufgōrayhi'' || ''mufgōrayhū'' || ''mufgōrayhā''
|}
{{col-break}}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|+Water singulative nouns
|-
! !! Singular !! Dual !! Plural
|-
! 1
| ''qabatxtifi'' || ''qabatxtifū'' || ''qabatxtifā''
|-
! 2
| ''qabatxtini'' || ''qabatxtinū'' || ''qabatxtinā'' 
|-
! 3
| ''qabatxtihi'' || ''qabatxtihū'' || ''qabatxtihā''
|}
{{col-end}}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|+Dual-collective nouns
|-
! !! Singular !! Dual !! Plural
|-
! 1
| ''yarifūki'' || ''yarifūtū'' || ''yarifūtā''
|-
! 2
| ''yarifūni'' || ''yarifūnū'' || ''yarifūnā'' 
|-
! 3
| ''yarifūhi'' || ''yarifūhū'' || ''yarifūhā''
|}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|+Plurative nouns
|-
! !! Singular !! Dual !! Plural
|-
! 1
| ''yarifāki'' || ''yarifātū'' || ''yarifātā''
|-
! 2
| ''yarifāni'' || ''yarifānū'' || ''yarifānā'' 
|-
! 3
| ''yarifāhi'' || ''yarifāhū'' || ''yarifāhā''
|}
 
===Pronouns===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="3" | First person !! colspan="3" | Second person !! colspan="3" | Third person
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Singular !! style="width: 90px;" | Dual !! style="width: 90px;" | Plural !! style="width: 90px;" | Singular !! style="width: 90px;" | Dual !! style="width: 90px;" | Plural !! style="width: 90px;" | Singular !! style="width: 90px;" | Dual !! style="width: 90px;" | Plural
|-
!Independent
||''ʔafti''||''ʔaffū''||''ʔaffā''||''ʔanni''||''ʔannū''||''ʔannā''||''hini (a)''<br/>''hinan (hon.)''||''hinnū''||''hinnā''
|-
!Clitic
||''-ti''||''-fū''||''-fā''||''-ni''||''-nū''||''-nā''||''-hi''||''-hū''||''-hā''
|}
 
===Verbs===
Ancient Netagin has at least 12 binyanim:
*Binyan 1 verbs are verbs denoting intransitive actions ("come"), as well as stative verbs ("be cold") and some monotransitives. It is often considered the most basic form.
*Binyan 2 contains many monotransitive verbs, ("eat") including causativizations of Binyan 1 verbs ("make happy").
*Binyan 3 consists of verbs denote reflexive/reciprocal action ("get dressed", "kiss each other"), or change of state ("thicken").
*Binyan 4 contains causatives of transitive verbs ("feed") (and of some Binyan 2 and Binyan 3 verbs). Causatives of statives in the imperfective aspect may denote active maintenance of a state (as opposed to changing a state in the perfective aspect).
*Binyan 5 is roughly equivalent to the German prefix ''be-'' (applicative).
*Binyan 6 - telic, intensive
*Binyan 7 - telic
*Binyan 8 - "X a little, almost X"
*Binyan 9 - "X in advance, X for oneself" (from the middle voice)
*Binyan 10 - "-le"
*Binyan 11 verbs tend to express gradual processes.
*Binyan 12 - "mis-X, over-X"
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|-
! Binyan !! Imperfective !! Perfective !! Antipassive<br/>Participle !! Passive<br/>Participle !! Action noun
|-
! 1
| ''1a2a3'' || ''-i12a3'' || ''1ō2i3'' || ''1i2u3'' || ''1i2i3i''
|-
! 2
| ''1a2ō3'' || ''-a12ū3'' || ''1a2ī3'' || ''1a2ū3'' || ''1u2ā3''
|-
! 3
| ''ʔa12ī<sup>1</sup>3'' || ''-uni12i3'' || ''mi1ːū2ā3'' || ''ti1ːū2ā3'' || ''ʔa12u3ti''
|-
! 4
| ''ʔa12i3'' || ''-i1ːi2u3'' || ''ma12a3'' || ''ta12a3'' || ''ʔa12a3ō''
|-
! 5
| ''ta12u3'' || ''-ut1a2i3'' || ''mut1a2u3'' || ''tut1a2u3'' || ''ta12ō3ō''
|-
! 6
| ''ʔir1a2a3'' || ''-ur1i2u3'' || ''mur1i2u3'' || ''tur1i2u3'' || ''ʔur1a2i3i''
|-
! 7
| ''ʔirta1a2u3'' || ''-urta1a2i3'' || ''murta1a2u3'' || ''turta1a2u3'' || ''tirta1a2ī3i''
|-
! 8
| ''ʔi21a2i3'' || ''-i21i2u3'' || ''mu21ā2u3'' || ''tu21ā2u3'' || ''ʔu21a2i3i''
|-
! 9
| ''1as2u3'' || ''-u1is2u3'' || ''mu1as2u3'' || ''tu1as2u3'' || ''tu1as2i3i''
|-
! 10
| ''1i2a2i3'' || ''-i12i2u3'' || ''mu12i2u3'' || ''tu12i2u3'' || ''ti12a2i3i''
|-
! 11
| ''1a2ā2u3'' || ''-i12ī2u3'' || ''mu12ā2u3'' || ''tu12ā2u3'' || ''tu12ā2i3i''
|-
! 12
| ''1i31a2u3'' || ''-i1a31i2u3'' || ''mu1i31ā2u3'' || ''tu1i31ā2u3'' || ''1i31a2i3i''
|}
<sup>1</sup> Shortens to ''i'' when a suffix is added.
 
The ''participle'' is an agent noun or an adjective. Adverbializing it yields manner of action "as if to X".
 
The ''action noun'' ({{sc|axn}}) or ''gerund'' is used in action noun constructions, which are of the form SUBJECT-{{sc|gen}} AXN OBJECT-{{sc|acc}}. It is of importance in forming relative clauses, for Netagin does not have a relativizer.
 
====Affixes====
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|+Present tense affixes
|-
! !! Singular !! Dual-Coll. !! Plural
|-
! 1
| ''-fi'' || ''-fū'' || ''-fā''
|-
! 2
| ''-an''<br/>''-at'' (hon.) || ''-nū''<br/>''-tū'' (hon.) || ''-nā''<br/>''-tōb'' (hon.)
|-
! 3
| ''-∅''<br/>''-ō'' (hon.) || ''-ū'' || ''-ā'' <br/> ''-ōb'' (hon.)
|}
{{col-break}}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|+''ʔabnis'' 'steal'
|-
! !! Singular !! Dual-Coll. !! Plural
|-
! 1
| ''ʔabnisfi'' || ''ʔabnisfū'' || ''ʔabnisfā''
|-
! 2
| ''ʔabnisan'' || ''ʔabnisnū'' || ''ʔabnisnā'' 
|-
! 3
| ''ʔabnis''<br/>''ʔabnisō'' (hon.) || ''ʔabnisū'' || ''ʔabnisā'' <br/>''ʔabnisōb''
|}
{{col-end}}
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|+Past tense affixes
|-
! !! Singular !! Dual-Coll. !! Plural
|-
! 1
| ''f-'' || ''f-ū'' || ''f-ā''
|-
! 2
| ''n-''<br/>''n-ō'' (hon.) || ''n-ū'' || ''n-ā''<br/>''n-ōb'' (hon.)
|-
! 3
| ''h-''<br/>''h-ō'' (hon.)|| ''h-ū'' || ''h-ā''<br/>''h-ōb'' (hon.)
|}
{{col-break}}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|+''ʔabnis'' 'steal'
|-
! !! Singular !! Dual-Coll. !! Plural
|-
! 1
| ''fibbinus'' || ''fibbinusū'' || ''fibbinusā''
|-
! 2
| ''nibbinus'' || ''nibbinusū'' || ''nibbinusā'' 
|-
! 3
| ''hibbinus''<br/>''hibbinusō'' (hon.) || ''hibbinusū'' || ''hibbinusā'' <br/>''hibbinusōb'' (hon.)
|}
{{col-end}}
 
==Syntax==
Ancient Netagin is almost completely head-initial; it is also ergative.
 
[[Category:Hussmauch]][[Category:Netagin]]

Latest revision as of 19:47, 25 January 2023

Ancient literature

  • Ancient Talmic, Windermere etc. epics
  • Tracts describing religious rituals such as hand-washing
  • Sondmoridh Manuscripts
  • The Ngăthoar

Gweats literature

Fnüeng literature

Classical Period literature

  • Emisom Grouid's translations and poetry
  • Lesch Mltzhyphe's tragedies
  • Etsoj Jopah's poetry
  • Alice in Wonderland/Proto-Hofstadterian stuff

Romantic literature

  • Industrial revolution, some of its harms
    • Two opposing camps: one favors returning to preindustrial society and one favors more tech and social development to fix problems

Horror and science fiction

In Talma, horror literature first took off in Amphir during the Romantic period and its literary influence spread to Skella and Fyxoom, which developed it into Lovecraft-esque science fiction literature. Horror literature also greatly influenced Talman classical music during the late Romantic period.

hm, i would picture a lovecraftian romance to have the romance be... consuming, destructive, the world falling around it
like an occultist gone mad but the relationship they have with their god is more... personal
if i want to be "literary" i could easily imagine consuming romance as related here to like, consuming forbidden nowledge

Figures

  • Hyjad Orphair was a late Romantic author who is best known for her enormously successful Jyndychouis cycle of horror + romance novels. It was made into a vylám (opera) Jyndychouis by the Amphirese composer Propanol Mochraid, the best known of the late Talman Romantic vyláms.

Modern literature

Science fiction

Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Verse:Hmøøh/Talma/Literature&oldid=295751"