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'''Ewige'''
'''Ewige''' (/əˈwiːgeɪ/, natively ''néto Éwigéřé'' [neto ˈeɹigerɛ], "Ewige language") is a language spoken in central-southern [[w:Siberia|Siberia]], near the borders with Mongolia, Kazakhstan, and China. It is one of several descendants of the Ivugi language, also spoken in Siberia circa 1000 CE, but it is not considered mutually intelligible with the other Ivugean languages, as they are collectively known. The speaker pool of Ewige is estimated at around 200,000 individuals, mostly living in [[w:Kemerovo Oblast|Kemerovo Oblast]], the [[w:Altai Republic|Altai Republic]], and other nearby federal subjects of Russia; significant Ewige communities also exist in Kazakhstan, western Russia, the United States, and Germany. Community leaders have been enthusiastic about keeping the language alive, arranging for many films, comic strips, and books to be translated into the language and publishing newspapers in it.
 
Ewige is a nominative-accusative, agglutinative language with an animate-inanimate distinction for nouns; as it features polypersonal agreement on verbs and many simpler sentences can express all their information with just a verb, some linguists argue that it is polysynthetic instead. It has two main dialects: ''Jugřé'' ("Southern") and ''Třařé'' ("Northern"); the more widely spoken and prestige Jugřé dialect is the one covered in this article.


==History==
==History==
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==Vocabulary==
==Vocabulary==
While most of Ewige's vocabulary is indigenous, it has borrowed a large number of terms from nearby languages of the Eurasian steppe, particularly [[w:Russian language|Russian]], [[w:Kazakh language|Kazakh]], and [[w:Mongolian language|Mongolian]].
While most of Ewige's vocabulary is indigenous, it has borrowed a large number of terms from nearby languages of the Eurasian steppe, particularly [[w:Russian language|Russian]], [[w:Kazakh language|Kazakh]], and [[w:Mongolian language|Mongolian]]. More recently, English and, to a lesser extent, Mandarin loanwords have entered the language as well.
 
The numbers one through ten are as follows:
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
! Arabic numeral
! Ewige number
|-
| 1
| ''šy''
|-
| 2
| ''syp''
|-
| 3
| ''de''
|-
| 4
| ''ny''
|-
| 5
| ''ryr''
|-
| 6
| ''gog''
|-
| 7
| ''aku''
|-
| 8
| ''gʼéru''
|-
| 9
| ''nožo''
|-
| 10
| ''žér''
|}


==Dialectology==
==Dialectology==
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* /t/ and /d/ are often realized as [θ] and [ð], except at the start of a word.
* /t/ and /d/ are often realized as [θ] and [ð], except at the start of a word.
* /w/ becomes [ɹ~ɻ] in all positions, not just intervocalically.
* /w/ becomes [ɹ~ɻ] in all positions, not just intervocalically.
* /h/ disappears initially and merges with /x/ elsewhere; this creates homophones such as ''oš'' ("than") vs. ''hoš'' ("footprint"), and ''og'' ("that", to mark subordinate clauses) vs. ''hog'' ("gust").
* /ə/ is slightly fronted and rounded, often as far as [ø~œ], but does not exhibit nearly the degree of allophony found in Jugřé Ewige.
* /ə/ is slightly fronted and rounded, often as far as [ø~œ], but does not exhibit nearly the degree of allophony found in Jugřé Ewige.
* The possessive pronouns are suffixed with the adjectival ''-řé'', such as ''sodařé'' ("yours"), equivalent to saying "yours-like" or "yours-ish" in English.
* The possessive pronouns are suffixed with the adjectival ''-řé'', such as ''sodařé'' ("yours"), equivalent to saying "yours-like" or "yours-ish" in English.
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:'''Original''': It is a gift. A gift to the foes of Mordor. Why not use this Ring? Long has my father, the steward of Gondor, kept the forces of Mordor at bay. By the blood of our people are your lands kept safe. Give Gondor the weapon of the enemy; let us use it against him!
:'''Original''': It is a gift. A gift to the foes of Mordor. Why not use this Ring? Long has my father, the steward of Gondor, kept the forces of Mordor at bay. By the blood of our people are your lands kept safe. Give Gondor the weapon of the enemy; let us use it against him!


:'''Ewige:''' Ojó jobóno. Jobóno osáň jaboř va Mórdór. Éřóvouro sesbé gei gritʼ ha? Igʼamyni erómode va Mórdór jadřyjyr, é ijó jadřorsék va Góndór, žytař. Nékédřoroni ařyšékʼóre va janarni sorén. Bʼómyti agʼožéde wa jaboř osáň Góndór, su ropyn sesbé ot ghog ut!
:'''Ewige:''' Ojó jobóno. Jobóno osáň jaboř va Mórdór. Éřóvouro sesbé gei gritʼ ha? Igʼamyni erómode va Mórdór jadřyjyr, é ijó jadřorsék va Góndór, žytař. Nékédřoroni ařyšékʼóre va janarni sorén. Bʼómyti agʼožéde va jaboř osáň Góndór, su ropyn sesbé ot ghog ut!


:'''Gloss:''' 3SG.INAN.NOM-be.PRES gift. // gift to DEF.AN-foe of Mordor. // 1PL.NOM-NEG-be_able-PRES.bé use_INF this ring why? // 3SG.AN.NOM-push-PRES.mé-3PL.ACC DEF.INAN-force-PL of Mordor DEF.AN-father-1SG.POSS REL 3SG.AN.NOM-be.PRES DEF.AN-protect-AGENT of Gondor far-ADV. // 3PL.NOM-PASS-protect-PRES.bé-3PL.ACC DEF.INAN-land-PL of DEF.AN-person.PL 2SG.POSS with DEF.INAN-blood of DEF.AN-person.PL 1PL.POSS. give-IMP-3SG.INAN.ACC DEF.INAN-weapon of DEF.AN-foe to Gondor and allow-IMP-1PL.ACC use-INF 3SG.INAN against 3SG.AN!
:'''Gloss:''' 3SG.INAN.NOM-be.PRES gift. // gift to DEF.AN-foe of Mordor. // 1PL.NOM-NEG-be_able-PRES.bé use_INF this ring why? // 3SG.AN.NOM-push-PRES.mé-3PL.ACC DEF.INAN-force-PL of Mordor DEF.AN-father-1SG.POSS REL 3SG.AN.NOM-be.PRES DEF.AN-protect-AGENT of Gondor far-ADV. // 3PL.NOM-PASS-protect-PRES.bé-3PL.ACC DEF.INAN-land-PL of DEF.AN-person.PL 2SG.POSS with DEF.INAN-blood of DEF.AN-person.PL 1PL.POSS. give-IMP-3SG.INAN.ACC DEF.INAN-weapon of DEF.AN-foe to Gondor and allow-IMP-1PL.ACC use-INF 3SG.INAN against 3SG.AN!
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