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===Adverbs and Prepositions=== | ===Adverbs and Prepositions=== | ||
There are no prepositions in | There are no prepositions in Da, and the case system is not that extensive. Where the noun cases are not enough to express the relationship between the verb and the indirect object, adverbs are commonly used as links between the two. The range of adverbs and adverbial phrases used for this purpose is extensive: | ||
''Pantú | ''Pantú rí sáttit Dau'' (Everyone should learn Da; lit: Everyone should '''come to know''' Da) | ||
'' | ''Kimathia dú Johnu'' (My name is John; lit: Say John to call me) | ||
In many cases when is an indirect object in English becomes the ''subject'' of a subordinate clause in Cha: | In many cases when is an indirect object in English becomes the ''subject'' of a subordinate clause in Cha: | ||
'' | ''Du pátpíhí ku du atharat taoruolanu kai!'' (Please give me this book! lit: I ask that you give me '''to have''' this book). | ||
If ''hara'' simply means "give (away), let go", the verb ''athara'', made up from ''at'' (to have) + ''hara'' (give) means "give to someone": ''Du ku áthara katou'' = ''Du hara ku át katou'' (I give this to you). | |||
Similarly, ''hia'' means "say" and '' | Similarly, ''hia'' means "say" and ''tonathia'', composed from ''hia'' and ''tonat'' "to listen" means "tell", and you use the first part, ''tonat'', to introduce indirect objects, like ''Ku du tonathitta pantou! ''"Tell me everything!" | ||
The same role can also be played by a noun in an indirect case, e.g. '' | The same role can also be played by a noun in an indirect case, e.g. ''Du sorimí sori kelpatuo. Du sorsití sorsi tuo!'' "I am following the criminal. I am catching up with him!" (lit.: I go-behind behind of-criminal. I come-from-behind from-behind of-him!) | ||
Thus, the way indirect objects are introduced is most often "encoded" in the verb itself. This allows to quickly recognize them and attribute them to the right verb, at the same time keeping the sentence structure logical and removing the necessity to memorize prepositions and cases that go with each verb. | Thus, the way indirect objects are introduced is most often "encoded" in the verb itself. This allows to quickly recognize them and attribute them to the right verb, at the same time keeping the sentence structure logical and removing the necessity to memorize prepositions and cases that go with each verb. |
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