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User:Praimhín/Tamizh: Difference between revisions
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h2er-t- 'order' (c.f. sanskrit ṛta, avestan arta) -> ārþ 'time' -> -árt (when) (like how clofabosin got sertib) -> -ál (if) (e.g. peruttál = if (someone) carried) | h2er-t- 'order' (c.f. sanskrit ṛta, avestan arta) -> ārþ 'time' -> -árt (when) (like how clofabosin got sertib) -> -ál (if) (e.g. peruttál = if (someone) carried) | ||
areþ 'time' | |||
límai 'lake' | |||
arittu 'bear' (the animal) | |||
toru 'house' (from 'wood' -> 'timber' -> 'house') | |||
virat 'root' | |||
tí 'fire' (from *dyéws 'sky' -> 'sun' -> 'fire') | |||
kém 'ice' (from *ǵʰyems) | |||
stáva, státti, stákir 'stand' | |||
kwinsuva, kwinsutti, kwinsukir 'wander' (from *gʷem 'come/go' + -sḱe durative) | |||
poríva, porítti, poríkir 'give' (from *bʰoreyeti) | |||
firsuva, firsutti, firsukir 'deny' (from *pṛsḱe- 'ask' -> 'suspect' -> 'deny') | |||
veippa, veitti, veikkir 'know' (from *weyd) | |||
arippa, aritti, arikkir 'understand' (a semantic shift from *ḱred-dʰeh3 'believe' -> hret- -> arit-, with the dʰeh3 reinterpreted as a perfective marker) | |||
-mṇ -> -men -> -me -> -mai (abstract noun) | -mṇ -> -men -> -me -> -mai (abstract noun) | ||
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In the second stage, the imperfective and perfective aspects turn into nonpast and past tenses, like what happened in Israeli Hebrew and Arabic. Erosion turns the suffixes into -v-/-pp-/-p- and -nt-/-tt-/-t- respectively (through Grimm-like sound changes: dh -> d -> t while old t -> þ; the nasal in -nt- comes from PIE verbs where -nu- is infixed in the present tense). | In the second stage, the imperfective and perfective aspects turn into nonpast and past tenses, like what happened in Israeli Hebrew and Arabic. Erosion turns the suffixes into -v-/-pp-/-p- and -nt-/-tt-/-t- respectively (through Grimm-like sound changes: dh -> d -> t while old t -> þ; the nasal in -nt- comes from PIE verbs where -nu- is infixed in the present tense). | ||
In the last stage, a new present tense is innovated from *kʷel 'to turn', which gets morphed into a suffix -kir- (by a somewhat Persian-like sound change: l -> r, rd/rt -> l. and old *rH and *lH -> zh) Meanwhile, the old nonpast is used for both the habitual present and the future tense. Verbs analogically level into 7 classes with variations. | In the last stage, a new present tense is innovated from a combination of *gʰi- and *kʷel 'to turn', which gets morphed into a suffix -kir- (by a somewhat Persian-like sound change: l -> r, rd/rt -> l. and old *rH and *lH -> zh) Meanwhile, the old nonpast is used for both the habitual present and the future tense. Verbs analogically level into 7 classes with variations. | ||
The syntax gets more head-final and agglutinative as it evolves (and grammatical gender gets correlated with lexical gender), and the modern form is practically Altaic. | The syntax gets more head-final and agglutinative as it evolves (and grammatical gender gets correlated with lexical gender), and the modern form is practically Altaic. | ||
=Phonology= | =Phonology= | ||
Somewhere between Germanic and actual Tamil: p f t þ s k h kw hw m n ŋ l r zh y | Somewhere between Germanic and actual Tamil: p f t þ s k h kw hw~w m n ŋ l r zh y v a á e é i í o ó u ú ai ei eu au | ||
u = /ɨ/ | u = /ɨ/ | ||