Brytho-Hellenic: Difference between revisions
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Elynik adjectives always follow the noun(s) they are referred to: when the noun is undetermined they simply follow it, but, when the noun is determined, then the definite article, '''to''', is put between the noun and the adjective. | Elynik adjectives always follow the noun(s) they are referred to: when the noun is undetermined they simply follow it, but, when the noun is determined, then the definite article, '''to''', is put between the noun and the adjective. | ||
Usually adjectives' singular form is identical for masculine and feminine, even if there can be exceptions, the plural forms are two, instead: one for masculine, usually ending in ''- | Usually adjectives' singular form is identical for masculine and feminine, even if there can be exceptions, the plural forms are two, instead: one for masculine, usually ending in ''-oe'', and one for feminine, ending in ''-ae''. | ||
Some adjectives: | Some adjectives: | ||
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!'''Meaning''' | !'''Meaning''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | !iwŷdh | ||
| | |iwŷdhoe | ||
| | |iwŷdhae | ||
|good | |good | ||
!penyr | !penyr | ||
| | |penyroe | ||
| | |penyrae | ||
|bad | |bad | ||
|- | |- | ||
!elyv | !elyv | ||
| | |elvoe | ||
| | |elvae | ||
|happy | |happy | ||
!lur | !lur | ||
| | |luroe | ||
| | |lurae | ||
|sad | |sad | ||
|- | |- | ||
!egrin | !egrin | ||
| | |egrinoe | ||
| | |egrinae | ||
|tall / high | |tall / high | ||
! | !thaval | ||
| | |thavaloe | ||
| | |thavalae | ||
|short | |short | ||
|- | |- | ||
!kalin | !kalin | ||
| | |kalinoe | ||
| | |kalinae | ||
|beautiful / goodlooking | |beautiful / goodlooking | ||
! | !aegyr | ||
| | |aegroe | ||
| | |aegrae | ||
|ugly | |ugly | ||
|- | |- | ||
!meal | !meal | ||
| | |mealoe | ||
| | |mealae | ||
|big / great | |big / great | ||
!migrin | !migrin | ||
| | |migrinoe | ||
| | |migrinae | ||
|little / small | |little / small | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | !paladh | ||
| | |paladhoe | ||
| | |paladhae | ||
|old | |old | ||
!yvik | !yvik | ||
| | |yvikoe | ||
| | |yvikae | ||
|young | |young | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | !thenar | ||
| | |thenaroe | ||
| | |thenarae | ||
|strong | |strong | ||
! | !athin | ||
| | |athinoe | ||
| | |athinae | ||
|weak | |weak | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | !thervin | ||
| | |thervinoe | ||
| | |thervinae | ||
|hot | |hot | ||
!surin | !surin | ||
| | |surinoe | ||
| | |surinae | ||
|cold | |cold | ||
|- | |- | ||
!fover | !fover | ||
| | |foveroe | ||
| | |foverae | ||
|terrible | |terrible | ||
!plys | !plys | ||
| | |plysoe | ||
| | |plysae | ||
|near / close | |near / close | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | !tyledhin | ||
| | |tyledhinoe | ||
| | |tyledhinae | ||
|far / distant | |far / distant | ||
!semyk | !semyk | ||
| | |semykoe | ||
| | |semykae | ||
|tired | |tired | ||
|} | |} | ||
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Some usage examples: | Some usage examples: | ||
* '''migrin''' + ''' | * '''migrin''' + '''aelŵr''' > ''aelŵr migrin'' (= "(a) little cat"); | ||
* '''meal''' + '''to enyr''' > ''enyr to meal'' (= "the big man"); | * '''meal''' + '''to enyr''' > ''enyr to meal'' (= "the big man"); | ||
* '''semyk''' + '''to | * '''semyk''' + '''to koerenyv''' > ''koerenyv to semyk'' (= "my tired lady"). | ||
====Comparative==== | ====Comparative==== | ||
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The ''higher degree comparative'' is usually formed with the word '''wa''' that precedes the adjective to which is referred, the second term is introduced by '''y''' ex.: | The ''higher degree comparative'' is usually formed with the word '''wa''' that precedes the adjective to which is referred, the second term is introduced by '''y''' ex.: | ||
* '' | * ''Andh '''wa''' kalin '''y''' dennyr'' > A flower more beautiful than a tree. | ||
In the written language it is still used the old form with the suffix '''-wn''', ex.: | In the written language it is still used the old form with the suffix '''-wn''', ex.: | ||
* '' | * ''Andh '''kaldhwn''' '''y''' dennyr'' > A flower more beautiful than a tree. | ||
The ''same degree comparative'' is formed with the periphrasis ''' | The ''same degree comparative'' is formed with the periphrasis '''wdhys''' + adjective + '''yfer''', ex.: | ||
* '' | * ''Andh '''wdhys''' kalin '''yfer''' dennyr'' > A flower as beautiful as a tree, | ||
The ''lower degree comparative'' is formed with the periphrasis '''mŷon''' + adjective + '''y''', ex.: | The ''lower degree comparative'' is formed with the periphrasis '''mŷon''' + adjective + '''y''', ex.: | ||
* '' | * ''Andh '''mŷon''' kalin '''y''' dennyr'' > A flower less beautiful than a tree. | ||
=====Adjectives with an irregular higher degree comparative===== | =====Adjectives with an irregular higher degree comparative===== | ||
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!'''Comparative''' | !'''Comparative''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | !iwŷdh | ||
| | |aredhwn | ||
!penyr | !penyr | ||
|yswn | |yswn | ||
|- | |- | ||
!kalin | !kalin | ||
| | |kaldhwn | ||
!red (= "easy") | !red (= "easy") | ||
|rawn | |rawn | ||
|- | |- | ||
!migrin | !migrin | ||
| | |medhwn | ||
!meal | !meal | ||
|myswn | |myswn | ||
|- | |- | ||
!polus (= "many/much") | !polus (= "many/much") | ||
| | |pledhwn | ||
!alwyn (= "painful/agonizing") | !alwyn (= "painful/agonizing") | ||
| | |aldhwn | ||
|} | |} | ||
Irregular higher degree comparatives are used as normal comparatives, ex.: | Irregular higher degree comparatives are used as normal comparatives, ex.: | ||
* ''Ys hi | * ''Ys hi aredhwn y ey'' - You are better than me. | ||
The comparative form is the same for both masculine and feminine nouns, but in the plural the two forms are different: '' | The comparative form is the same for both masculine and feminine nouns, but in the plural the two forms are different: ''aredhwnoe'' vs. ''aredhwnae''. | ||
====Superlative==== | ====Superlative==== | ||
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The superlative degree is generally formed with the word '''plyd''', that precedes the adjective to which is referred. The relative superlative is the same form of the absolute superlative, but it takes the definite article and is generally followed by a limitation, that is expressed with '''en''' (= "in") / '''evan''' (= "of"), ex.: | The superlative degree is generally formed with the word '''plyd''', that precedes the adjective to which is referred. The relative superlative is the same form of the absolute superlative, but it takes the definite article and is generally followed by a limitation, that is expressed with '''en''' (= "in") / '''evan''' (= "of"), ex.: | ||
* '' | * ''Andh to '''plyd''' kalin '''en''' to kom'' - The most beautiful flower in the world. | ||
In the written language it is also used the old superlative with the suffix '''-yd''': | In the written language it is also used the old superlative with the suffix '''-yd''': | ||
* '' | * ''Andh to '''kalyd''' '''evan''' to kom'' - The most beautiful flower of the world. | ||
=====Adjectives with an irregular superlative===== | =====Adjectives with an irregular superlative===== | ||
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!'''Superlative''' | !'''Superlative''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | !iwŷdh | ||
| | |aredhwn | ||
|aryd | |aryd | ||
!penyr | !penyr | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!kalin | !kalin | ||
| | |kaldhwn | ||
|kalyd | |kalyd | ||
!red | !red | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!migrin | !migrin | ||
| | |medhwn | ||
|elegyd | |elegyd | ||
!meal | !meal | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!polus | !polus | ||
| | |pledhwn | ||
|plyd | |plyd | ||
!alwŷn | !alwŷn | ||
| | |aldhwn | ||
|alwŷd | |alwŷd | ||
|} | |} | ||
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!'''Superlative''' | !'''Superlative''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | !paladh | ||
|wa | |wa paladh / paladh'''wn''' | ||
|plyd | |plyd paladh / paladh'''yd''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!lur | !lur | ||
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|} | |} | ||
The superlative has got only one singular form, in the plural masculine and feminine are different, ex.: '''aryd''' > ''' | The superlative has got only one singular form, in the plural masculine and feminine are different, ex.: '''aryd''' > '''arydoe''', '''arydae'''. | ||
====Numerals==== | ====Numerals==== | ||
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!1 | !1 | ||
|eis | |eis | ||
| | |prwdh | ||
|- | |- | ||
!2 | !2 | ||
|dios | |dios | ||
| | |deudher | ||
!3 | !3 | ||
|trys | |trys | ||
| | |tridh | ||
|- | |- | ||
!4 | !4 | ||
| | |tethar | ||
| | |tethardh | ||
!5 | !5 | ||
|pen | |pen | ||
| | |pendh | ||
|- | |- | ||
!6 | !6 | ||
|es | |es | ||
| | |eth | ||
!7 | !7 | ||
|eft | |eft | ||
| | |eudodh | ||
|- | |- | ||
!8 | !8 | ||
| | |oth | ||
| | |owodh | ||
!9 | !9 | ||
|enag | |enag | ||
| | |enadh | ||
|- | |- | ||
!10 | !10 | ||
|deg | |deg | ||
| | |degadh | ||
!11 | !11 | ||
|enneg | |enneg | ||
| | |ennegadh | ||
|- | |- | ||
!12 | !12 | ||
|dydeg | |dydeg | ||
| | |dydegadh | ||
!13 | !13 | ||
|trydeg | |trydeg | ||
| | |trydegadh | ||
|- | |- | ||
!14 | !14 | ||
| | |tethardeg | ||
| | |tethardegadh | ||
!15 | !15 | ||
|penneg | |penneg | ||
| | |pennegadh | ||
|- | |- | ||
!16 | !16 | ||
| | |edheg | ||
| | |edhegadh | ||
!17 | !17 | ||
|efteg | |efteg | ||
| | |eftegadh | ||
|- | |- | ||
!18 | !18 | ||
| | |othwdeg | ||
| | |othwdegadh | ||
!19 | !19 | ||
|enadeg | |enadeg | ||
| | |enadegadh | ||
|- | |- | ||
!20 | !20 | ||
| | |iwaen | ||
| | |iwaed | ||
!21 | !21 | ||
| | |iwaen sun eis | ||
| | |iwaed sun prwdh | ||
|- | |- | ||
!22 | !22 | ||
| | |iwaen sun dios | ||
| | |iwaed sun deudher | ||
!30 | !30 | ||
| | |iwaen-deg | ||
| | |iwaendegadh | ||
|- | |- | ||
!31 | !31 | ||
| | |iwaen-deg sun eis | ||
| | |iwaendegadh sun prwdh | ||
!40 | !40 | ||
| | |dioewaen | ||
| | |dioewaed | ||
|- | |- | ||
!50 | !50 | ||
| | |dioewaen-deg | ||
| | |dioewaendegadh | ||
!60 | !60 | ||
| | |triwaen | ||
| | |triwaed | ||
|- | |- | ||
!70 | !70 | ||
| | |triwaen-deg | ||
| | |triwaen-degadh | ||
!80 | !80 | ||
| | |tetharwaen | ||
| | |tetharwaed | ||
|- | |- | ||
!90 | !90 | ||
| | |tetharwaen-deg | ||
| | |tetharwaendegadh | ||
!100 | !100 | ||
| | |egadh | ||
| | |egadhod | ||
|} | |} | ||
From ''' | From '''egadh''' on, the numbers can be masculine or feminine: | ||
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle" | {| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle" | ||
Line 1,005: | Line 1,005: | ||
|- | |- | ||
!200 | !200 | ||
| | |diagesioe/ae | ||
|diagesiod | |diagesiod | ||
!300 | !300 | ||
| | |trygesioe/ae | ||
|trygesiod | |trygesiod | ||
|- | |- | ||
!400 | !400 | ||
| | |tethragesioe/ae | ||
| | |tethragesiod | ||
!500 | !500 | ||
| | |pennagesioe/ae | ||
|pennagesiod | |pennagesiod | ||
|- | |- | ||
!600 | !600 | ||
| | |esagesioe/ae | ||
|esagesiod | |esagesiod | ||
!700 | !700 | ||
| | |eftagesioe/ae | ||
|eftagesiod | |eftagesiod | ||
|- | |- | ||
!800 | !800 | ||
| | |othagesioe/ae | ||
| | |othagesiod | ||
!900 | !900 | ||
| | |enagesioe/ae | ||
|enagesiod | |enagesiod | ||
|- | |- | ||
!1000 | !1000 | ||
| | |hilioe/ae | ||
|hiliod | |hiliod | ||
!2000 | !2000 | ||
| | |diahilioe/ae | ||
|diahiliod | |diahiliod | ||
|- | |- | ||
!3000 | !3000 | ||
| | |tryhilioe/ae | ||
|tryhiliod | |tryhiliod | ||
!4000 | !4000 | ||
| | |tethrahilioe/ae | ||
| | |tethrahiliod | ||
|- | |- | ||
!5000 | !5000 | ||
| | |pennahilioe/ae | ||
|pennahiliod | |pennahiliod | ||
!6000 | !6000 | ||
| | |esahilioe/ae | ||
|esahiliod | |esahiliod | ||
|- | |- | ||
!7000 | !7000 | ||
| | |eftahilioe/ae | ||
|eftahiliod | |eftahiliod | ||
!8000 | !8000 | ||
| | |othahilioe/ae | ||
| | |othahiliod | ||
|- | |- | ||
!10000 | !10000 | ||
| | |mirioe/ae | ||
|miriod | |miriod | ||
!11000 | !11000 | ||
| | |mirioe/ae sun hilioe/ae | ||
|miriod sun hiliod | |miriod sun hiliod | ||
|- | |- | ||
!20000 | !20000 | ||
| | |dimirioe/ae | ||
|dimiriod | |dimiriod | ||
!100000 | !100000 | ||
| | |egadh-hilioe | ||
| | |egadh-hiliod | ||
|- | |- | ||
!500000 | !500000 | ||
| | |pennagesioe-hilioe | ||
| | |pennagesioe-hiliod | ||
!1000000 | !1000000 | ||
|kryn | |kryn | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!2000000 | !2000000 | ||
|dios | |dios krynoe | ||
| | |deudher krynod | ||
!1000000 | !1000000 | ||
|riagryn | |riagryn |