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→‎Onset clusters
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====Onset clusters====
====Onset clusters====
In phonological notation, valid onset clusters fall into the following categories. (This table serves as a summary, a more "human-readable" explanation follows below.) The colour coding of categories is reflected in the reference tables.
<!--
0, 36, 72, 108, 144, 180, 216, 252, 288, 324
HSL  0, 100, 86 #ffb8b8
HSL  30, 100, 86 #ffdcb8
HSL  60, 100, 86 #ffffb8
HSL  90, 100, 86 #dcffb8
HSL 150, 100, 86 #b8ffdc
HSL 180, 100, 86 #b8ffff
HSL 210, 100, 86 #b8dcff
HSL 240, 100, 86 #b8b8ff
HSL 270, 100, 86 #dcb8ff
HSL 330, 100, 86 #ffb8dc
-->
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|- style="line-height: 1.2em; font-size: 80%;"
! Category:
! colspan=2 style="border-left-width: 2px; background-color: #ffb8b8;" | 1
! colspan=2 style="border-left-width: 2px; background-color: #ffdcb8;" | 2
! colspan=2 style="border-left-width: 2px; background-color: #ffffb8;" | 3
! colspan=2 style="border-left-width: 2px; background-color: #dcffb8;" | 4
! colspan=2 style="border-left-width: 2px; background-color: #b8ffdc;" | 5
! colspan=2 style="border-left-width: 2px; background-color: #b8ffff;" | 6
! colspan=2 style="border-left-width: 2px; background-color: #b8dcff;" | 7
! colspan=3 style="border-left-width: 2px; background-color: #b8b8ff;" | 8
! colspan=3 style="border-left-width: 2px; background-color: #dcb8ff;" | 9
! colspan=2 style="border-left-width: 2px; background-color: #ffb8dc;" | 10
|-
! Type
<!-- 1 -->
| style="border-left-width: 2px;" | F
| L
<!-- 2 -->
| style="border-left-width: 2px;" | F
| /l/
<!-- 3 -->
| style="border-left-width: 2px;" | F
| N
<!-- 4 -->
| style="border-left-width: 2px;" | F
| /n/
<!-- 5 -->
| style="border-left-width: 2px;" | P
| L
<!-- 6 -->
| style="border-left-width: 2px;" | P
| /r/
<!-- 7 -->
| style="border-left-width: 2px;" | P
| /s/
<!-- 9 -->
| style="border-left-width: 2px;" | F
| P
| (L)
<!-- 10 -->
| style="border-left-width: 2px;" | F
| P
| (/r/)
<!-- 8 -->
| style="border-left-width: 2px;" | /p, k, g/
| /n/
|- style="line-height: 1.2em; font-size: 80%;"
! style="font-size:125%;" | Features
<!-- 1 -->
| style="border-left-width: 2px;" | &#8209;ALV
| style="background-color: #ccc;" |
<!-- 2 -->
| style="border-left-width: 2px;" | +ALV
| style="background-color: #ccc;" |
<!-- 3 -->
| style="border-left-width: 2px;" | &#8209;LAB
| style="background-color: #ccc;" |
<!-- 4 -->
| style="border-left-width: 2px;" | +LAB
| style="background-color: #ccc;" |
<!-- 5 -->
| style="border-left-width: 2px;" | &#8209;ALV
| style="background-color: #ccc;" |
<!-- 6 -->
| style="border-left-width: 2px;" | +ALV
| style="background-color: #ccc;" |
<!-- 7 -->
| style="border-left-width: 2px;" | &#8209;VOI
| style="background-color: #ccc;" |
<!-- 8 -->
| style="border-left-width: 2px;" | +ALV
| &#8209;ALV<br />+VOI
| style="background-color: #ccc;" |
<!-- 9 -->
| style="border-left-width: 2px;" | +ALV
| +ALV<br />+VOI
| style="background-color: #ccc;" |
<!-- 10 -->
| style="border-left-width: 2px; background-color: #ccc;" colspan=3 |
|-
|+ align=bottom style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;" | <div style="margin-top:0.5em;"><div style="float:left; margin-right: 1em;">Key: </div><div style="float:left;">'''F''' fricative / '''L''' liquid / '''N''' nasal / '''P''' stop<br />'''{{sc|alv}}''' alveolar / '''{{sc|lab}}''' labial / '''{{sc|voi}}''' voiced</div></div>
|}
'''Fricatives''' can form diconsonantal onset clusters only with nasals and liquids <u>except</u>:
* The alveolar fricative cannot form an onset cluster with the alveolar tap.
* The labiodental fricative cannot form an onset cluster with the bilabial nasal.
The alveolar fricative can also form onset clusters with voiceless stops.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Initial fricative
|+ Initial fricative
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|-
|-
! /f/
! /f/
| style="background-color: #aaa;" |  
| style="background-color: #ccc;" |  
| style="background-color: #aaa;" |  
| style="background-color: #ccc;" |  
| style="background-color: #aaa;" |  
| style="background-color: #ccc;" |  
| style="background-color: #aaa;" |  
| style="background-color: #ccc;" |  
| ⟨fn⟩
| style="background-color: #dcffb8;" | ⟨fn⟩
| ⟨fr⟩
| style="background-color: #ffb8b8;" | ⟨fr⟩
| ⟨fl⟩
| style="background-color: #ffb8b8;" | ⟨fl⟩
|-
|-
! /s/
! /s/
| ⟨sp⟩
| style="background-color: #b8b8ff;" | ⟨sp⟩
| ⟨st⟩
| style="background-color: #dcb8ff;" | ⟨st⟩
| ⟨sk⟩
| style="background-color: #b8b8ff;" | ⟨sk⟩
| ⟨sm⟩
| style="background-color: #ffffb8;" | ⟨sm⟩
| ⟨sn⟩
| style="background-color: #ffffb8;" | ⟨sn⟩
| style="background-color: #aaa;" |  
| style="background-color: #ccc;" |  
| ⟨sl⟩
| style="background-color: #ffdcb8;" | ⟨sl⟩
|-
|-
! /x/
! /x/
| style="background-color: #ccc;" |
| style="background-color: #ccc;" |
| style="background-color: #ccc;" |
| style="background-color: #ffffb8;" | ⟨hm⟩
| style="background-color: #ffffb8;" | ⟨hn⟩
| style="background-color: #ffb8b8;" | ⟨hr⟩
| style="background-color: #ffb8b8;" | ⟨hl⟩
|}
Triconsonantal clusters all begin with an '''alveolar fricative''' followed by a '''voiceless stop''':
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Initial s&#8209;cluster
|-
!
! /r/
! /l/
|-
! /sp/
| style="background-color: #b8b8ff;" | ⟨spr⟩
| style="background-color: #b8b8ff;" | ⟨spl⟩
|-
! /st/
| style="background-color: #dcb8ff;" | ⟨str⟩
| style="background-color: #aaa;" |  
| style="background-color: #aaa;" |  
| style="background-color: #aaa;" |
|-
| style="background-color: #aaa;" |  
! /sk/
| ⟨hm⟩
| style="background-color: #b8b8ff;" | ⟨skr⟩
| style="background-color: #aaa;" |  
| style="background-color: #b8b8ff;" | ⟨skl⟩
| ⟨hr⟩
|-
| ⟨hl⟩
|}
|}


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|-
|-
! /p/
! /p/
| ⟨ps⟩
| style="background-color: #b8dcff;" | ⟨ps⟩
| ⟨pn⟩
| style="background-color: #ffb8dc;" | ⟨pn⟩
| ⟨pr⟩
| style="background-color: #b8ffdc;" | ⟨pr⟩
| ⟨pl⟩
| style="background-color: #b8ffdc;" | ⟨pl⟩
|-
|-
! /b/
! /b/
| style="background-color: #aaa;" |  
| style="background-color: #aaa;" |  
| style="background-color: #aaa;" |  
| style="background-color: #aaa;" |  
| ⟨br⟩
| style="background-color: #b8ffdc;" | ⟨br⟩
| ⟨bl⟩
| style="background-color: #b8ffdc;" | ⟨bl⟩
|-
|-
! /t/
! /t/
| ⟨ts⟩
| style="background-color: #b8dcff;" | ⟨ts⟩
| style="background-color: #aaa;" |  
| style="background-color: #aaa;" |  
| ⟨tr⟩
| style="background-color: #b8ffff;" | ⟨tr⟩
| style="background-color: #aaa;" |  
| style="background-color: #aaa;" |  
|-
|-
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| style="background-color: #aaa;" |  
| style="background-color: #aaa;" |  
| style="background-color: #aaa;" |  
| style="background-color: #aaa;" |  
| ⟨dr⟩
| style="background-color: #b8ffff;" | ⟨dr⟩
| style="background-color: #aaa;" |  
| style="background-color: #aaa;" |  
|-
|-
! /k/
! /k/
| ⟨ks⟩
| style="background-color: #b8dcff;" | ⟨ks⟩
| ⟨kn⟩
| style="background-color: #ffb8dc;" | ⟨kn⟩
| ⟨kr⟩
| style="background-color: #b8ffdc;" | ⟨kr⟩
| ⟨kl⟩
| style="background-color: #b8ffdc;" | ⟨kl⟩
|-
|-
! /g/
! /g/
| style="background-color: #aaa;" |  
| style="background-color: #aaa;" |  
| ⟨gn⟩
| style="background-color: #ffb8dc;" | ⟨gn⟩
| ⟨gr⟩
| style="background-color: #b8ffdc;" | ⟨gr⟩
| ⟨gl⟩
| style="background-color: #b8ffdc;" | ⟨gl⟩
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Initial s&#8209;cluster
|-
!
! /r/
! /l/
|-
! /sp/
| ⟨spr⟩
| ⟨spl⟩
|-
! /st/
| ⟨str⟩
| style="background-color: #aaa;" |  
|-
! /sk/
| ⟨skr⟩
| ⟨skl⟩
|-
|}
|}


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