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Kämpya: Difference between revisions
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The forest that the lizard bit the dog in is small. (not */gáʔɾ=zù káiʔk=dè kʰwèi̤=jàuŋ pʰáˈzè̤t nóuʔp/) | The forest that the lizard bit the dog in is small. (not */gáʔɾ=zù káiʔk=dè kʰwèi̤=jàuŋ pʰáˈzè̤t nóuʔp/) | ||
==Negation== | |||
===Basic Pattern=== | |||
The basic way to negate something is to place the particle /na/ immediately before it, and the particle /bu/ immediately after it. These are clitics i.e. they become phonologically part of whatever word they attach to e.g. from the sentence | |||
/jéi=ˈdè̤sì ˈkà̤mpjà/ | |||
2PS.NOM=speak Kämpya | |||
You speak Kämpya. | |||
We can say | |||
/jéi=ná=ˈdè̤sì=bù ˈkà̤mpjà/ | |||
2PS.NOM=NEG=speak=NEG Kämpya | |||
You don't speak Kämpya | |||
as well as | |||
/ná=jéi=bú=ˈdè̤sì ˈkà̤mpjà/ | |||
NEG=2PS.NOM=NEG=speak Kämpya | |||
'''You''' don't speak Kämpya. / It's not you that speaks Kämpya. | |||
and | |||
/jéi=ˈdè̤sì ná=ˈkà̤mpjà=bù/ | |||
2PS.NOM=speak NEG=Kämpya=NEG | |||
You don't speak '''Kämpya'''. / It's not Kämpya that you speak. | |||
As we can see, the particles can attach to either nouns or verbs. They can also attach to adjectives e.g. | |||
/jéi=ˈdè̤sì ná=kàṳŋ=bù ˈkà̤mpjà/ | |||
2PS.NOM=speak NEG=good.REST=NEG Kämpya | |||
You don't speak good Kämpya. | |||
They can also attach to adverbs e.g. | |||
/jéi=ˈdè̤sì nà=kǎṳŋ=bù ˈkà̤̀mpjà/ | |||
2PS.NOM=speak NEG=good.ADV=NEG Kämpya | |||
You don't speak Kämpya '''well'''. | |||
However, if the word after /na/ begins with a vowel, an epenthetic /w/ is inserted e.g. | |||
/jéi=náw=áˈlôṵn=bù/ | |||
2PS.NOM=NEG=alone=NEG | |||
You are not alone. | |||