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Deltaquebec (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
Deltaquebec (talk | contribs) (→Verbs) |
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* Three moods (indicative, subjunctive, imperative) | * Three moods (indicative, subjunctive, imperative) | ||
Critical to the construction of the verb and verb phrase is the '''copula''', of which there exists both a '''positive''' copula ''' | Critical to the construction of the verb and verb phrase is the '''copula''', of which there exists both a '''positive''' copula '''∅-J-D''' and a '''negative''' copula '''∅-M-N''' . Additionally, there exists an infinitive form of the verb that is used with modals. | ||
Since verbs are constructed regularly via predictable combinatorics, it is useful to make a generalized template with which to consult. '''α''' and '''β''' are assumed to have been inflected for agent/subject and/or object person marking. | Since verbs are constructed regularly via predictable combinatorics, it is useful to make a generalized template with which to consult. '''α''' and '''β''' are assumed to have been inflected for agent/subject and/or object person marking. | ||
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Morpho-phonological phenomena and historical processes notwithstanding, the general structure of aspect is the following: | Morpho-phonological phenomena and historical processes notwithstanding, the general structure of aspect is the following: | ||
* The Perfective Aspect: '''-1e23i | * The Perfective Aspect: '''-1e23i''' | ||
* The Imperfective Aspect: '''-12a3 | * The Imperfective Aspect: '''-12a3''' | ||
{| class="wikitable" class="bluetable lightbluebg" | {| class="wikitable" class="bluetable lightbluebg" | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | ∅CC-roots | ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | ∅CC-roots | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''e23i''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''(2)2a3''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''(2)2a3''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Phonologically Stable | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Phonologically Stable | ||
! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | CCC-roots | ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | CCC-roots | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1e23i''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''1e23i''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''12a3''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''12a3'''<br>-'''1u2a3'''<sup>1</sup> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="15" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Phonologically Unstable | ! rowspan="15" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Phonologically Unstable | ||
! rowspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | L-roots | ! rowspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | L-roots | ||
! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|L-initial}} | ! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|L-initial}} | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''Le23i''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''Le23i''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''L2a3''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''L2a3'''<br>-'''i2e3'''<sup>2</sup> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|L-medial}} | ! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|L-medial}} | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1eL3i''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''1eL3i'''<br>-'''1ei3i'''<sup>3</sup> | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1La3''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''1La3''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|L-final}} | ! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|L-final}} | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1e2Li''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''1e2Li''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''12aL''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''12aL''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | R-roots | ! rowspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | R-roots | ||
! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|R-initial}} | ! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|R-initial}} | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''Re23i''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''Re23i''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''R2a3''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''R2a3''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|R-medial}} | ! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|R-medial}} | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1ē3i''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''1ē3i''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1Ra3''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''1Ra3''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|R-final}} | ! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|R-final}} | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1e2Ri''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''1e2Ri''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''12ā''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''12ā''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | S-roots | ! rowspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | S-roots | ||
! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|S-initial}} | ! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|S-initial}} | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''Se23i''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''Se23i''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''S2a3''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''S2a3''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|S-medial}} | ! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|S-medial}} | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1eS3i''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''1eS3i''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1Sa3''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''1Sa3'''<br>-'''S1a3'''<sup>4</sup> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|S-final}} | ! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|S-final}} | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1e2Si''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''1e2Si''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''12aS''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''12aS''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | J-roots | ! rowspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | J-roots | ||
! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|J-initial}} | ! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|J-initial}} | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''Je23i''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''Je23i''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''i2e3''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''i2e3''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|J-medial}} | ! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|J-medial}} | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1ei3i''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''1ei3i''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1Ja3''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''1Ja3''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|J-final}} | ! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|J-final}} | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1e2ī''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''1e2ī''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''12aJ''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''12aJ''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | W-roots | ! rowspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | W-roots | ||
! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|W-initial}} | ! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|W-initial}} | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''We23i''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''We23i''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''u2a3''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''u2a3''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|W-medial}} | ! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|W-medial}} | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1ey3i''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''1ey3i''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1Wa3''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''1Wa3''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|W-final}} | ! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|W-final}} | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1e2yi''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''1e2yi''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''12aW''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''12aW''' | ||
|} | |} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | ∅CC-roots | ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | ∅CC-roots | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | - | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''e'''23'''i''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -(2)2'''a'''3 | | style="text-align: center;" | -(2)2'''a'''3 | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | - | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''au'''23'''u''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | | | style="text-align: center;" | | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''(2)a23e''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''(2)a23e''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Phonologically Stable | ! style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Phonologically Stable | ||
! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | CCC-roots | ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | CCC-roots | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -1'''e'''23'''i''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -1'''e'''23'''i''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -12'''a'''3-<br>-1u2'''a'''3 | | style="text-align: center;" | -12'''a'''3-<br>-1u2'''a'''3 | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -1'''au'''23'''u''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -1'''au'''23'''u''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | | | style="text-align: center;" | | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1a23e''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''1a23e''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="15" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Phonologically Unstable | ! rowspan="15" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Phonologically Unstable | ||
! rowspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | L-roots | ! rowspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | L-roots | ||
! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|L-initial}} | ! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|L-initial}} | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -L'''e'''23'''i''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -L'''e'''23'''i''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -L2'''a'''3 | | style="text-align: center;" | -L2'''a'''3<br>-i2'''e'''3 | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -L'''au'''23'''u''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -L'''au'''23'''u''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | | | style="text-align: center;" | | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''La23e''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''La23e''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|L-medial}} | ! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|L-medial}} | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -1'''e'''L3'''i''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -1'''e'''L3'''i'''<br>-1'''e'''i3'''i''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -1L'''a'''3 | | style="text-align: center;" | -1L'''a'''3 | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -1'''au'''L3'''u''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -1'''au'''L3'''u'''<br>-1'''ew'''i3'''y''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | | | style="text-align: center;" | | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1aL3e''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''1aL3e'''<br>-'''1ei3e''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|L-final}} | ! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|L-final}} | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -1'''e'''2L'''i''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -1'''e'''2L'''i''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -12'''a'''L | | style="text-align: center;" | -12'''a'''L | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -1'''au'''2L'''u''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -1'''au'''2L'''u''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | | | style="text-align: center;" | | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1a2Le''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''1a2Le''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | R-roots | ! rowspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | R-roots | ||
! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|R-initial}} | ! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|R-initial}} | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -R'''e'''23'''i''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -R'''e'''23'''i''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -R2'''a'''3 | | style="text-align: center;" | -R2'''a'''3 | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -R'''au'''23'''u''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -R'''au'''23'''u''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | | | style="text-align: center;" | | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''Ra23e''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''Ra23e''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|R-medial}} | ! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|R-medial}} | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -1'''ē'''3'''i''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -1'''ē'''3'''i''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -1R'''a'''3 | | style="text-align: center;" | -1R'''a'''3 | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -1'''ā'''3'''u''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -1'''ā'''3'''u''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | | | style="text-align: center;" | | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1ā3e''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''1ā3e''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|R-final}} | ! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|R-final}} | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -1'''e'''2R'''i''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -1'''e'''2R'''i''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -12'''ā''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -12'''ā''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -1'''au'''2R'''u''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -1'''au'''2R'''u''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | | | style="text-align: center;" | | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1a2Re''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''1a2Re''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | S-roots | ! rowspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | S-roots | ||
! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|S-initial}} | ! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|S-initial}} | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -S'''e'''23'''i''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -S'''e'''23'''i''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -S2'''a'''3 | | style="text-align: center;" | -S2'''a'''3 | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -S'''au'''23'''u''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -S'''au'''23'''u''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | | | style="text-align: center;" | | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''Sa23e''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''Sa23e''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|S-medial}} | ! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|S-medial}} | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -1'''e'''S3'''i''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -1'''e'''S3'''i''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -1S'''a'''3-<br>-S1'''a'''3 | | style="text-align: center;" | -1S'''a'''3-<br>-S1'''a'''3 | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -1'''au'''S3'''u''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -1'''au'''S3'''u''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | | | style="text-align: center;" | | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1aS3e''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''1aS3e''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|S-final}} | ! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|S-final}} | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -1'''e'''2S'''i''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -1'''e'''2S'''i''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -12'''a'''S | | style="text-align: center;" | -12'''a'''S | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -1'''au'''2S'''u''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -1'''au'''2S'''u''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | | | style="text-align: center;" | | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1a2Se''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''1a2Se''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | J-roots | ! rowspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | J-roots | ||
! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|J-initial}} | ! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|J-initial}} | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -J'''e'''23'''i''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -J'''e'''23'''i''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -i2'''e'''3 | | style="text-align: center;" | -i2'''e'''3 | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -J'''au'''23'''u''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -J'''au'''23'''u''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | | | style="text-align: center;" | | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''Ja23e''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''Ja23e''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|J-medial}} | ! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|J-medial}} | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -1'''e'''i3'''i''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -1'''e'''i3'''i''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -1J'''a'''3 | | style="text-align: center;" | -1J'''a'''3 | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -1'''ew'''i3'''y''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -1'''ew'''i3'''y''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | | | style="text-align: center;" | | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1ei3e''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''1ei3e''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|J-final}} | ! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|J-final}} | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -1'''e'''2'''ī''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -1'''e'''2'''ī''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -12'''a'''J | | style="text-align: center;" | -12'''a'''J | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -1'''au'''2J'''u''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -1'''au'''2J'''u''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | | | style="text-align: center;" | | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1a2Je''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''1a2Je''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | W-roots | ! rowspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | W-roots | ||
! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|W-initial}} | ! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|W-initial}} | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -W'''e'''23'''i''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -W'''e'''23'''i''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -u2'''a'''3 | | style="text-align: center;" | -u2'''a'''3 | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -w'''au'''23'''u''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -w'''au'''23'''u''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | | | style="text-align: center;" | | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''Wa23e''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''Wa23e''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|W-medial}} | ! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|W-medial}} | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -1'''e'''y3'''i''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -1'''e'''y3'''i''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -1W'''a'''3 | | style="text-align: center;" | -1W'''a'''3 | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -1'''aū'''3'''u''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -1'''aū'''3'''u''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | | | style="text-align: center;" | | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1au3e''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''1au3e''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|W-final}} | ! style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | {{small|W-final}} | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -1'''e'''2y'''i''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -1'''e'''2y'''i''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -12'''a'''W | | style="text-align: center;" | -12'''a'''W | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -1'''au'''2'''ū''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -1'''au'''2'''ū''' | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | | | style="text-align: center;" | | ||
| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1a2We''' | | style="text-align: center;" | -'''1a2We''' | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 995: | Line 995: | ||
| – | | – | ||
| '''ente-'''''reiðe'' | | '''ente-'''''reiðe'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
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