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Proto-Dynic: Difference between revisions
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== Morphology == | == Morphology == | ||
=== Nouns === | === Nouns === | ||
The basic, or [[w:Absolutive case|absolutive]], form of a noun is the bare stem, with no affixes or modifications. To this stem can be added a variety of affixes. Generally, prefixes are possessives or determinatives, whilst suffixes convert grammatical information such as [[w:Grammatical case|case]]. | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table;" | |||
|+caption | Nominal prefixes | |||
|- | |||
! Meaning | |||
! Prefix | |||
! Example | |||
|- | |||
! 1.sg. possessor | |||
| style="text-align:center;" | ''*tə-'' | |||
| ''*hə-beŋ'' 'my house' | |||
|- | |||
! 1.pl. possessor | |||
| style="text-align:center;" | ''*wə-'' | |||
| ''*wə-beŋ'' 'our house' | |||
|- | |||
! 2.sg. possessor | |||
| style="text-align:center;" | ''*nə-'' | |||
| ''*nə-beŋ'' 'your house' | |||
|- | |||
! 2.pl. possessor | |||
| style="text-align:center;" | ''*bə-'' | |||
| ''*bə-beŋ'' 'y'all's house' | |||
|- | |||
! 3rd person possessor | |||
| style="text-align:center;" | ''*ī-'' | |||
| ''*ī-beŋ'' 'their house' | |||
|- | |||
! 4th person possessor | |||
| style="text-align:center;" | ''*kə-'' | |||
| ''*kə-beŋ'' 'their house' | |||
|- | |||
! Indefinite possessor | |||
| style="text-align:center;" | ''*ā-'' | |||
| ''*ā-beŋ'' 'someone's house' | |||
|- | |||
! proximal determiner | |||
| style="text-align:center;" | ''*gi-'' | |||
| ''*gi-beŋ'' 'this house' | |||
|- | |||
! medial determiner | |||
| style="text-align:center;" | ''*igi-'' | |||
| ''*igi-beŋ'' 'that house near you' | |||
|- | |||
! distal determiner | |||
| style="text-align:center;" | ''*agi-'' | |||
| ''*agi-beŋ'' 'that house over there' | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table;" | |||
|+caption | Nominal suffixes | |||
|- | |||
! Meaning | |||
! Suffix | |||
! Example | |||
|- | |||
! ergative case | |||
| style="text-align:center;" | ''*-ŋa'' | |||
| ''*dūnə-ŋa'' 'the person (erg.)' | |||
|- | |||
! dative case | |||
| style="text-align:center;" | ''*-əi'' | |||
| ''*dūnə-əi'' 'the person (erg.)'<br>Can also be used with motion to | |||
|- | |||
! honorific | |||
| style="text-align:center;" | ''*-cin'' | |||
| ''*dūnə-cin'' 'the person (said with respect)' | |||
|} | |||
=== Verbs === | === Verbs === | ||
==== The verb template ==== | ==== The verb template ==== | ||