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Netagin: Difference between revisions
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===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
Netagin has 24 consonants: | Netagin has 24 consonants: | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class=" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="width: 500px; " | ||
! colspan="2" | | ! colspan="2" | | ||
! |Labial | ! |Labial | ||
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{{col-break}} | {{col-break}} | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class=" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | ||
|+Classical Netagin vowels | |+Classical Netagin vowels | ||
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|} | |} | ||
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{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class=" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | ||
|+Modern Standard Netagin vowels | |+Modern Standard Netagin vowels | ||
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*Verb subject suffixes | *Verb subject suffixes | ||
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! rowspan=2 | || rowspan=2 | 1sg || colspan=2 | 2sg || colspan=3 | 3sg || colspan=2 | 1pl || rowspan="2" | 2pl || rowspan="2" | 3pl | ! rowspan=2 | || rowspan=2 | 1sg || colspan=2 | 2sg || colspan=3 | 3sg || colspan=2 | 1pl || rowspan="2" | 2pl || rowspan="2" | 3pl | ||
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Here are the stems in the regular gizra (for other gzarot, see [[Netagin/Gzarot]]): | Here are the stems in the regular gizra (for other gzarot, see [[Netagin/Gzarot]]): | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable " style=" text-align: center;" | ||
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! Binyan !! Intransitive (or passive) !! Transitive (or active) !! Applicative !! Transgressive !! Verbal noun | ! Binyan !! Intransitive (or passive) !! Transitive (or active) !! Applicative !! Transgressive !! Verbal noun | ||
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====Person marking==== | ====Person marking==== | ||
The subject is marked after the verb using a suffix, or when there is already a suffix in the suffix slot, the independent pronoun. For example, 'I know you (m)' = ''dytgalxil'' but 'I know you (f)' = ''dytgăles tiel'' (Irish has something similar). The independent pronoun may be dropped if known from context, but a subject suffix must be used whenever one can be used. | The subject is marked after the verb using a suffix, or when there is already a suffix in the suffix slot, the independent pronoun. For example, 'I know you (m)' = ''dytgalxil'' but 'I know you (f)' = ''dytgăles tiel'' (Irish has something similar). The independent pronoun may be dropped if known from context, but a subject suffix must be used whenever one can be used. | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width=500px | ||
! rowspan=2 | || rowspan=2 | 1sg || colspan=2 | 2sg || colspan=2 | 3sg || colspan=2 | 1pl || rowspan="2" | 2pl || rowspan="2" | 3pl | ! rowspan=2 | || rowspan=2 | 1sg || colspan=2 | 2sg || colspan=2 | 3sg || colspan=2 | 1pl || rowspan="2" | 2pl || rowspan="2" | 3pl | ||
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Irrealis forms always use a regularly determined variant of the transitive stem: | Irrealis forms always use a regularly determined variant of the transitive stem: | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width=500px | ||
! rowspan=2 | || colspan=2 | sg || rowspan="2" | pl | ! rowspan=2 | || colspan=2 | sg || rowspan="2" | pl | ||
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===Verbs of motion=== | ===Verbs of motion=== | ||
Netagin does not have exact equivalents for the English verbs "go", "carry", or "bring". Netagin motion verbs vary along two dimensions: one dimension is the method or direction of transport and one dimension is the telicity of the verb. Unidirectional, or telic, motion verbs express one-time motion towards a destination. Multidirectional, or atelic, verbs express undirected motion, repeated directed motion, or back-and-forth motion. The directionality is usually expressed by binyan change, but is sometimes expressed through suppletion. | Netagin does not have exact equivalents for the English verbs "go", "carry", or "bring". Netagin motion verbs vary along two dimensions: one dimension is the method or direction of transport and one dimension is the telicity of the verb. Unidirectional, or telic, motion verbs express one-time motion towards a destination. Multidirectional, or atelic, verbs express undirected motion, repeated directed motion, or back-and-forth motion. The directionality is usually expressed by binyan change, but is sometimes expressed through suppletion. | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Meaning !! Unidirectional verb !! Multidirectional verb | ! Meaning !! Unidirectional verb !! Multidirectional verb | ||