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With ditransitive verbs such as causatives two referents can appear before the verb or the same displacement can take place. | With ditransitive verbs such as causatives two referents can appear before the verb or the same displacement can take place. | ||
<div style="float: left"> | |||
{{gloss | |||
|phrase={{ash|oas ga bahba sa͠a ỏ<u>hh</u>oyya ga}} | |phrase={{ash|oas ga bahba sa͠a ỏ<u>hh</u>oyya ga}} | ||
|gloss=Oas=CLF.TOP dog water DIST-<u>DIR</u>-eat.CAUS.RLS=REP | |gloss=Oas=CLF.TOP dog water DIST-<u>DIR</u>-eat.CAUS.RLS=REP | ||
|translation=it was Oas who gave the dog water to drink | |translation=it was Oas who gave the dog water to drink | ||
}} | }} | ||
</div> | |||
<div style="float: left"> | |||
{{gloss | |||
|phrase={{ash|oas ga o sa͠a ỏ<u>ss</u>oyya ga bahba go}} | |phrase={{ash|oas ga o sa͠a ỏ<u>ss</u>oyya ga bahba go}} | ||
|gloss=Oas=CLF.TOP DET.DIST=water DIST-<u>INV</u>-eat.CAUS.RLS=REP dog=CLF | |gloss=Oas=CLF.TOP DET.DIST=water DIST-<u>INV</u>-eat.CAUS.RLS=REP dog=CLF | ||
|translation=it was Oas the dog offered water to | |translation=it was Oas the dog offered water to | ||
}} | }} | ||
</div> | |||
<div style="clear: both"></div> | |||
Inversion is especially important when the subject is being omitted as person markers do not exist. | Inversion is especially important when the subject is being omitted as person markers do not exist. | ||
<div style="float: left"> | |||
{{gloss | |||
|phrase={{ash|ẻhheas yo}} | |phrase={{ash|ẻhheas yo}} | ||
|gloss=PROX-DIR-see.ACT.RLS-CONJ=DECL | |gloss=PROX-DIR-see.ACT.RLS-CONJ=DECL | ||
|translation=I am looking at them | |translation=I am looking at them | ||
}} | }} | ||
</div> | |||
<div style="float: left"> | |||
{{gloss | |||
|phrase={{ash|ẻsseas e}} | |phrase={{ash|ẻsseas e}} | ||
|gloss=PROX-INV-see.ACT.RLS-CONJ=EXP | |gloss=PROX-INV-see.ACT.RLS-CONJ=EXP | ||
|translation=they are looking at me | |translation=they are looking at me | ||
}} | }} | ||
</div> | |||
<div style="clear: both"></div> | |||
====Reflexivity==== | ====Reflexivity==== | ||
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Besides the direct and inverse agency prefixes, verbs can also take a reflexive one. | Besides the direct and inverse agency prefixes, verbs can also take a reflexive one. | ||
<div style="float: left"> | |||
{{gloss | |||
|phrase={{ash|oadnah ảyısa͠as yo}} | |phrase={{ash|oadnah ảyısa͠as yo}} | ||
|gloss=shine.INCH.RLS-DUR REFL.PROX-LOC:LIQ.STAT/ACT.RLS-CONJ=DECL | |gloss=shine.INCH.RLS-DUR REFL.PROX-LOC:LIQ.STAT/ACT.RLS-CONJ=DECL | ||
|translation=I wash in the morning | |translation=I wash in the morning | ||
}} | }} | ||
</div> | |||
<div style="float: left"> | |||
{{gloss | |||
|phrase={{ash|{{AshMidhook|ảo}} ga oadnah ảyısa͠a ma}} | |phrase={{ash|{{AshMidhook|ảo}} ga oadnah ảyısa͠a ma}} | ||
|gloss=Ao=CLF.TOP shine.INCH.RLS-DUR REFL.DIST-LOC:LIQ.STAT/ACT.RLS=NEG | |gloss=Ao=CLF.TOP shine.INCH.RLS-DUR REFL.DIST-LOC:LIQ.STAT/ACT.RLS=NEG | ||
|translation=Ao doesn't wash in the morning | |translation=Ao doesn't wash in the morning | ||
}} | }} | ||
</div> | |||
<div style="clear: both"></div> | |||
Reflexivity can be used to disambiguate between referents. | Reflexivity can be used to disambiguate between referents. | ||
<div style="float: left"> | |||
{{gloss | |||
|phrase={{ash|ẽbmo͠o mo ẻsbadsas yo}} | |phrase={{ash|ẽbmo͠o mo ẻsbadsas yo}} | ||
|gloss=PROX-INAL-head=CLF.TOP PROX-INV-hand.INTS.RLS-CONJ=DECL | |gloss=PROX-INAL-head=CLF.TOP PROX-INV-hand.INTS.RLS-CONJ=DECL | ||
|translation=you are braiding my hair | |translation=you are braiding my hair | ||
}} | }} | ||
</div> | |||
<div style="float: left"> | |||
{{gloss | |||
|phrase={{ash|ẽbmo͠o mo ẻwıbadsas yo}} | |phrase={{ash|ẽbmo͠o mo ẻwıbadsas yo}} | ||
|gloss=PROX-INAL-head=CLF.TOP PROX PROX-REFL.PROX-hand.INTS.RLS-CONJ=DECL | |gloss=PROX-INAL-head=CLF.TOP PROX PROX-REFL.PROX-hand.INTS.RLS-CONJ=DECL | ||
|translation=I am braiding my hair | |translation=I am braiding my hair | ||
}} | }} | ||
</div> | |||
<div style="clear: both"></div> | |||
====Incorporation==== | ====Incorporation==== |
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