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| þe kinór = lyre (← cinnowr) | | þe kinór = lyre (← cinnowr) |
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| þe piengeng (térem) = bowed string instrument (← peŋ-eŋ (bow-COMITATIVE)) | | þe fiþel = violin |
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| þe siópiengeng = violin (← söö-peŋeŋ 'small bowed') | | þe lażefiþel = cello |
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| þe latspiengeng = cello (← lats-peŋeŋ 'large bowed')
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| þe lúg (← luug), þí fiadóg (← feadóg) = (two kinds of) flute | | þe lúg (← luug), þí fiadóg (← feadóg) = (two kinds of) flute |
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| þí szavúrtéreme = broken instruments | | þí szavúrtéreme = broken instruments |
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| ==Tuning==
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| ===13th century===
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| ===15th century===
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| ===17th century===
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| There are three kinds of systems:
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| 1) Two eleven-limit diamonds spaced a perfect fifth apart, or two (1...13)x(1...1/7) diamonds spaced a perfect fifth apart
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| 2) A cross set (1...15)x(1...15)
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| 3) An Euler-Fokker genus 3⁴x5²x7²
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| ===19th century (popular)===
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| ===European Theory===
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| * Babylonians independently discover pythagorean tuning and Greeks extend it into genera
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| * poly-pythagorean chains introduced by Jewish theorists to explain the enharmonic genus
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| ===Chinese Theory===
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| * experiments in pythagorean tuning followed by the discovery of 12- and 53-tone MOS scales
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| * higher limit tonalities introduced by throat-singers; subsequent treatises describe otonality as yin (qürm) and utonality as yang (läŋ)
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| * musical theater, orchestra, Partchian ideas
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