Naeng/Classical: Difference between revisions

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Old Windermere had breathy voiced vowels '''ah eh ih oh uh üh''' /aʱ eʱ iʱ oʱ uʱ yʱ/ which became '''ä ea ie oa ua üe''' in Classical Winderemre.
Old Windermere had breathy voiced vowels '''ah eh ih oh uh üh''' /aʱ eʱ iʱ oʱ uʱ yʱ/ which became '''ä ea ie oa ua üe''' in Classical Winderemre.


Old Windermere also retained more vowel contrasts in preinitial syllables: it had both /ə/ and /ɪ/.
Old Windermere also retained more vowel contrasts in preinitial syllables which was lost in Classical Windermere: it had both /ə/ and /ɪ/.
==Morphology==
===Sandhi===
Old Windermere had a complex sandhi system (somewhere between Biblical Hebrew and Sanskrit) which was no longer productive in Classical Windermere.
 
*th + fric -> fric + t
**ths -> st, as in ''sehf'' (go) -> *''thsehf'' -> ''stehf'' (to drive) (Modern ''binsteaf'' (energy), ''sămteaf'' (to energize))
**thf -> ft, e.g. ''tăfi'' (laugh) -> ''*tithfi'' -> ''tifti'' (mock) (Classical and Modern Wdm. ''tăfi'', ''tifti'')
 
Grassmann's law was productive in Old Windermere. When there were two spirant consonants before a stressed vowel in a word, the first was despirantized. e.g. *chăfol > căfol
 
===Some prefixes===
Old Windermere had the following prefixes:
*''th-'' (causative; denominal verbs)
*''p-'' (agentive; triggers voicing of voiceless stops ''p t c'' to ''b d g'')
**''da'' (know) -> ''păda'' (master; ''pda'' in Modern Windermere)
**''tüth'' (to grasp) -> ''pădüth'' (meaning, intention)
*''ha-'' (passive)
 
Old Windermere also used breathy voice ablaut to denote tools: ''snar'' (capture) -> ''snahr'' (trap, snare) which survives in Modern Windermere as ''snär''.

Revision as of 16:21, 24 September 2018

Phonology

Old Windermere had breathy voiced vowels ah eh ih oh uh üh /aʱ eʱ iʱ oʱ uʱ yʱ/ which became ä ea ie oa ua üe in Classical Winderemre.

Old Windermere also retained more vowel contrasts in preinitial syllables which was lost in Classical Windermere: it had both /ə/ and /ɪ/.

Morphology

Sandhi

Old Windermere had a complex sandhi system (somewhere between Biblical Hebrew and Sanskrit) which was no longer productive in Classical Windermere.

  • th + fric -> fric + t
    • ths -> st, as in sehf (go) -> *thsehf -> stehf (to drive) (Modern binsteaf (energy), sămteaf (to energize))
    • thf -> ft, e.g. tăfi (laugh) -> *tithfi -> tifti (mock) (Classical and Modern Wdm. tăfi, tifti)

Grassmann's law was productive in Old Windermere. When there were two spirant consonants before a stressed vowel in a word, the first was despirantized. e.g. *chăfol > căfol

Some prefixes

Old Windermere had the following prefixes:

  • th- (causative; denominal verbs)
  • p- (agentive; triggers voicing of voiceless stops p t c to b d g)
    • da (know) -> păda (master; pda in Modern Windermere)
    • tüth (to grasp) -> pădüth (meaning, intention)
  • ha- (passive)

Old Windermere also used breathy voice ablaut to denote tools: snar (capture) -> snahr (trap, snare) which survives in Modern Windermere as snär.