Kesmmi: Difference between revisions

From Linguifex
Jump to navigation Jump to search
m (Blanked the page)
mNo edit summary
Line 1: Line 1:
[[Medh Nghêl/Lexicon|Lexicon]]


[[Medh Nghêl/qmn|Se leth Medh Nghêle zil (This page in Medh Nghêl)]]
'''Medh Nghêl''' is the lingua franca of Tumhan. It's a Finnic language with a Sindarin-like aesthetic.
<!--
This is a short reminder of the language format policy.
I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).
II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.
-->
==Introduction==
==Todo==
Loans from P- and Q-Celtic and East Germanic?
''Hærmæth'' = January
''Îmolg'' = February
''Mært'' = March
''Ôthar'' = April, related to Easter
''Pellæne'' = May, from *Peltäinen <- Bealtaine
''Cêchvi'' = June, from *keski + *suvi "mid-summer"
''Fîmzuv'' = July, related to Estonian viimne "last" + suvi "summer"
''Lucnast'' = August, related to Irish "Lúnasa"
''Sado'' = September, from "harvest"
''Fîmzŷz'' = October, related to Estonian viimne "last" + sügis "summer"
''Edheljôl'' = November
''Jôl'' = December
==Phonology==
===Orthography===
===Consonants===
===Vowels===
===Prosody===
====Stress====
====Intonation====
===Phonotactics===
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
===Morphophonology===
==Morphology==
===Pronouns===
Pronouns in Medh Nghêl inflect by polarity (positive/negative). There are also copular pronouns which historically derive from contractions of pronouns with the copula, which inflect by tense (present/past) and mood (indicative/subjunctive).
[TO EDIT]
{|
! Person !! Simple (non-copular) !!  !! Copular !!  !!  !!  !!  !!  !!  !!
|-
|  ||  ||  || indicative ||  ||  ||  || subjunctive ||  ||  ||
|-
|  || positive || negative || present ||  || past ||  || present ||  || past ||
|-
|  ||  ||  || positive || negative || positive || negative || positive || negative || positive || negative
|-
| 1sg || mæ || mine || mole || minœl || moli || minœlyd || môth || minœ̂th || môthol || minœ̂thœl
|-
| 2sg || sæ || sine || sole || sinœl || soli || sinœlyd || sôth || sinœ̂th || sôthol || sinœ̂thœl
|-
| 3sg animate || hæ || hæne || ho || hænœl || holi || hænœlyd || hôth || hænœ̂th || hôthol || hænœ̂thœl
|-
| 3sg inanimate proximal || sê || sî || seio || seiœl || seioli || seiœlyd || seioth || seiœ̂th || seiothol || seiœ̂thœl
|-
| 3sg inanimate distal || tô || toe || tôo || toiol || tôoli || toiolud || tôoth || toiôth || tôothol || toiôthol
|-
| 1pl || mec || mê || molem || meiœl || molim || meiœlyd || môthim || meiœ̂th || môthimol || meiœ̂thœl
|-
| 2pl || tec || tê || tolet || teiœl || tolit || teiœlyd || tôthit || teiœ̂th || tôthitol || teiœ̂thœl
|-
| 3pl animate || hec || hê || hova || heiœl || holiv || heiœlyd || hôthiv || heiœ̂th || hôthivol || heiœ̂thœl
|-
| 3pl inanimate proximal || nêd || nede || nêdo || nêiœl || nêdoli || nêiœlyd || nêdoth || nêiœ̂th || nêdothol || nêiœ̂thœl
|-
| 3pl inanimate distal || nôd || node || nôdo || nôiol || nôdoli || nôiolud || nôdoth || nôiôth || nôdothol || nôiôthol
|}
===Verbs===
Verbs in Medh Nghêl have four principal parts: the infinitive stem, which ends in ''-dh'', ''-n'', ''-l'', ''-r'', or ''-th''; the present stem; the past stem; and the supine stem, which ends in ''-m''.
====Tenses====
=====Simple present=====
The simple present is analogous to the English simple present. It uses the simple pronouns with the following suffixes attached to the present stem:
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="text-align: center;"
!  !! Singular !! Plural
|-
| 1st person || no ending || -me
|-
| 2nd person || no ending || -te
|-
| 3rd person || no ending || no ending
|-
| Negative
|colspan=2| no ending
|}
For example, here's the conjugation of ''pêth'' (to wash), which has the following stems: infinitive ''pêth'', present ''peze-'', past ''pezi-'', and supine ''pezem''.
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="text-align: center;"
! ''pêth'' !! Singular !! Plural
|-
| 1st person || mæ peze || mec peze'''me'''
|-
| 2nd person || sæ peze || tec peze'''te'''
|-
| 3rd person || hæ peze || hec peze
|-
| Negative
|colspan=2| mine/sine/hæne/... peze
|}
=====Simple past=====
The simple past is analogous to the English simple past, and uses the same endings as the simple present, except attached to the past stem.
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="text-align: center;"
! ''pêth'' !! Singular !! Plural
|-
| 1st person || mæ pezi || mec pezi'''me'''
|-
| 2nd person || sæ pezi || tec pezi'''te'''
|-
| 3rd person || hæ pezi || hec pezi
|-
| Negative
|colspan=2| mine/sine/hæne/... pezi
|}
=====Perfect tenses=====
The present and past perfect tenses use the present and past indicative copular pronouns. The supine stem is used, with final ''-m'' replaced by ''-nud'' or ''-nyd'' depending on vowel harmony.
Plural pronouns trigger an aspirate mutation on the verb, while other pronouns and nouns trigger a soft mutation.
[to insert here]
=====Progressive tenses=====
The progressive tenses look the same as the perfect, except that the suffix ''-nud/nyd'' is replaced by ''-mas/mæs''.
The perfect progressive tenses insert the word ''olud'' between the pronoun and the verb (ending in ''-mas/mæs''). Unlike in the perfect and progressive tenses, the verb doesn't mutate.
[to insert conjugation of pêth]
==Syntax==
===Constituent order===
===Noun phrase===
===Verb phrase===
===Sentence phrase===
===Dependent clauses===
<!-- etc. etc. -->
==Example texts==
==Other resources==
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
<!-- Template area -->
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Tumhan]]
[[Category:Finnic languages]]
[[Category:Uralic languages]]

Revision as of 04:08, 27 January 2019

Lexicon

Se leth Medh Nghêle zil (This page in Medh Nghêl)

Medh Nghêl is the lingua franca of Tumhan. It's a Finnic language with a Sindarin-like aesthetic.


Introduction

Todo

Loans from P- and Q-Celtic and East Germanic?

Hærmæth = January

Îmolg = February

Mært = March

Ôthar = April, related to Easter

Pellæne = May, from *Peltäinen <- Bealtaine

Cêchvi = June, from *keski + *suvi "mid-summer"

Fîmzuv = July, related to Estonian viimne "last" + suvi "summer"

Lucnast = August, related to Irish "Lúnasa"

Sado = September, from "harvest"

Fîmzŷz = October, related to Estonian viimne "last" + sügis "summer"

Edheljôl = November

Jôl = December

Phonology

Orthography

Consonants

Vowels

Prosody

Stress

Intonation

Phonotactics

Morphophonology

Morphology

Pronouns

Pronouns in Medh Nghêl inflect by polarity (positive/negative). There are also copular pronouns which historically derive from contractions of pronouns with the copula, which inflect by tense (present/past) and mood (indicative/subjunctive).

[TO EDIT]

Person Simple (non-copular) Copular
indicative subjunctive
positive negative present past present past
positive negative positive negative positive negative positive negative
1sg mæ mine mole minœl moli minœlyd môth minœ̂th môthol minœ̂thœl
2sg sæ sine sole sinœl soli sinœlyd sôth sinœ̂th sôthol sinœ̂thœl
3sg animate hæ hæne ho hænœl holi hænœlyd hôth hænœ̂th hôthol hænœ̂thœl
3sg inanimate proximal sê sî seio seiœl seioli seiœlyd seioth seiœ̂th seiothol seiœ̂thœl
3sg inanimate distal tô toe tôo toiol tôoli toiolud tôoth toiôth tôothol toiôthol
1pl mec mê molem meiœl molim meiœlyd môthim meiœ̂th môthimol meiœ̂thœl
2pl tec tê tolet teiœl tolit teiœlyd tôthit teiœ̂th tôthitol teiœ̂thœl
3pl animate hec hê hova heiœl holiv heiœlyd hôthiv heiœ̂th hôthivol heiœ̂thœl
3pl inanimate proximal nêd nede nêdo nêiœl nêdoli nêiœlyd nêdoth nêiœ̂th nêdothol nêiœ̂thœl
3pl inanimate distal nôd node nôdo nôiol nôdoli nôiolud nôdoth nôiôth nôdothol nôiôthol

Verbs

Verbs in Medh Nghêl have four principal parts: the infinitive stem, which ends in -dh, -n, -l, -r, or -th; the present stem; the past stem; and the supine stem, which ends in -m.

Tenses

Simple present

The simple present is analogous to the English simple present. It uses the simple pronouns with the following suffixes attached to the present stem:

Singular Plural
1st person no ending -me
2nd person no ending -te
3rd person no ending no ending
Negative no ending

For example, here's the conjugation of pêth (to wash), which has the following stems: infinitive pêth, present peze-, past pezi-, and supine pezem.

pêth Singular Plural
1st person mæ peze mec pezeme
2nd person sæ peze tec pezete
3rd person hæ peze hec peze
Negative mine/sine/hæne/... peze
Simple past

The simple past is analogous to the English simple past, and uses the same endings as the simple present, except attached to the past stem.

pêth Singular Plural
1st person mæ pezi mec pezime
2nd person sæ pezi tec pezite
3rd person hæ pezi hec pezi
Negative mine/sine/hæne/... pezi
Perfect tenses

The present and past perfect tenses use the present and past indicative copular pronouns. The supine stem is used, with final -m replaced by -nud or -nyd depending on vowel harmony.

Plural pronouns trigger an aspirate mutation on the verb, while other pronouns and nouns trigger a soft mutation.

[to insert here]

Progressive tenses

The progressive tenses look the same as the perfect, except that the suffix -nud/nyd is replaced by -mas/mæs.

The perfect progressive tenses insert the word olud between the pronoun and the verb (ending in -mas/mæs). Unlike in the perfect and progressive tenses, the verb doesn't mutate.

[to insert conjugation of pêth]

Syntax

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Other resources

Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Kesmmi&oldid=143300"