Kesmmi: Difference between revisions

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:''Note: This is an older draft of Medh Chêl.''
'''Kesmmi''' (meaning "our language") is a divergent Finnic language, descended from Proto-Balto-Finnic. Its main source of aesthetic inspiration is Toda.
 
[[Medh Chêl/Lexicon|Lexicon]]
 
[[Medh Chêl/qmn|Se leth Medh Chêle zil (This page in Medh Chêl)]]
 
'''Medh Chêl''' (meaning "our language") is a divergent Finnic language spoken on the island Têræzmâ east of England in a parallel universe. Its main sources of aesthetic inspiration are Estonian and Sindarin, and a significant fraction of its vocabulary is from Old English.


It features a system of initial consonant mutations similar to Celtic languages and Biblical Hebrew.
It features a system of initial consonant mutations similar to Celtic languages and Biblical Hebrew.


<!--
==Sound changes from Proto-Finnic==
 
This is a short reminder of the language format policy.
 
I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).
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==Introduction==
 
==Todo==
 
Personal names: Lemmid, Âthi, Fænœ, Calev, Aeno, Mariath, Îmar, Anner, Cŷlic, Teler, Fellam
 
==Phonology==
===Orthography===
===Consonants===
 
===Vowels===
===Prosody===
====Stress====
====Intonation====
 
===Phonotactics===
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
===Morphophonology===
==Morphology==
 
===Pronouns===
 
Pronouns in Medh Chêl inflect by polarity (positive/negative). There are also copular pronouns which historically derive from contractions of pronouns with the copula, which inflect by tense (present/past) and mood (indicative/subjunctive).
 
[TO EDIT]
 
{|
! Person !! Simple (non-copular) !!  !! Copular !!  !!  !!  !!  !!  !!  !!
|-
|  ||  ||  || indicative ||  ||  ||  || subjunctive ||  ||  ||
|-
|  || positive || negative || present ||  || past ||  || present ||  || past ||
|-
|  ||  ||  || positive || negative || positive || negative || positive || negative || positive || negative
|-
| 1sg || mæ || mine || mole || minœl || moli || minœlyd || môth || minœ̂th || môthol || minœ̂thœl
|-
| 2sg || sæ || sine || sole || sinœl || soli || sinœlyd || sôth || sinœ̂th || sôthol || sinœ̂thœl
|-
| 3sg animate || hæ || hæne || ho || hænœl || holi || hænœlyd || hôth || hænœ̂th || hôthol || hænœ̂thœl
|-
| 3sg inanimate proximal || sê || sî || seio || seiœl || seioli || seiœlyd || seioth || seiœ̂th || seiothol || seiœ̂thœl
|-
| 3sg inanimate distal || tô || toe || tôo || toiol || tôoli || toiolud || tôoth || toiôth || tôothol || toiôthol
|-
| 1pl || mec || mê || molem || meiœl || molim || meiœlyd || môthim || meiœ̂th || môthimol || meiœ̂thœl
|-
| 2pl || tec || tê || tolet || teiœl || tolit || teiœlyd || tôthit || teiœ̂th || tôthitol || teiœ̂thœl
|-
| 3pl animate || hec || hê || hova || heiœl || holiv || heiœlyd || hôthiv || heiœ̂th || hôthivol || heiœ̂thœl
|-
| 3pl inanimate proximal || nêd || nede || nêdo || nêiœl || nêdoli || nêiœlyd || nêdoth || nêiœ̂th || nêdothol || nêiœ̂thœl
|-
| 3pl inanimate distal || nôd || node || nôdo || nôiol || nôdoli || nôiolud || nôdoth || nôiôth || nôdothol || nôiôthol
|}
 
===Verbs===
 
Verbs in Medh Chêl have four principal parts: the infinitive stem, which ends in ''-dh'', ''-n'', ''-l'', ''-r'', or ''-th''; the present stem; the past stem; and the supine stem, which ends in ''-m''.
 
====Tenses====
 
=====Simple present=====
 
The simple present is analogous to the English simple present. It uses the simple pronouns with the following suffixes attached to the present stem:
 
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="text-align: center;"
!  !! Singular !! Plural
|-
| 1st person || no ending || -me
|-
| 2nd person || no ending || -te
|-
| 3rd person || no ending || no ending
|-
| Negative
|colspan=2| no ending
|}
 
For example, here's the conjugation of ''pêth'' (to wash), which has the following stems: infinitive ''pêth'', present ''peze-'', past ''pezi-'', and supine ''pezem''.
 
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="text-align: center;"
! ''pêth'' !! Singular !! Plural
|-
| 1st person || mæ peze || mec peze'''me'''
|-
| 2nd person || sæ peze || tec peze'''te'''
|-
| 3rd person || hæ peze || hec peze
|-
| Negative
|colspan=2| mine/sine/hæne/... peze
|}
 
=====Simple past=====
 
The simple past is analogous to the English simple past, and uses the same endings as the simple present, except attached to the past stem.
 
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="text-align: center;"
! ''pêth'' !! Singular !! Plural
|-
| 1st person || mæ pezi || mec pezi'''me'''
|-
| 2nd person || sæ pezi || tec pezi'''te'''
|-
| 3rd person || hæ pezi || hec pezi
|-
| Negative
|colspan=2| mine/sine/hæne/... pezi
|}
 
=====Perfect tenses=====
 
The present and past perfect tenses use the present and past indicative copular pronouns. The supine stem is used, with final ''-m'' replaced by ''-nud'' or ''-nyd'' depending on vowel harmony.
 
Plural pronouns trigger an aspirate mutation on the verb, while other pronouns and nouns trigger a soft mutation.
 
[to insert here]
 
=====Progressive tenses=====
 
The progressive tenses look the same as the perfect, except that the suffix ''-nud/nyd'' is replaced by ''-mas/mæs''.
 
The perfect progressive tenses insert the word ''olud'' between the pronoun and the verb (ending in ''-mas/mæs''). Unlike in the perfect and progressive tenses, the verb doesn't mutate.
 
[to insert conjugation of pêth]
 
==Syntax==
===Constituent order===
===Noun phrase===
===Verb phrase===
===Sentence phrase===
===Dependent clauses===
<!-- etc. etc. -->
 
==Example texts==
==Other resources==
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
 
<!-- Template area -->


*Initial ''v'' becomes ''p'', as in ''pïḍ'' "stream" <- virta
*Medial ''l'' becomes alveolar retracted ''s̠'' in native vocab, as in ''kas̠'' "fish" <- kala
*Vowel shifts and umlaut: ''swïx'' "kin" <- suku, ''ïpšn'' "I studied" <- Estonian õppisin
*Begadkefat spirantization: t tt -> θ t etc.


[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]

Revision as of 09:37, 7 September 2019

Kesmmi (meaning "our language") is a divergent Finnic language, descended from Proto-Balto-Finnic. Its main source of aesthetic inspiration is Toda.

It features a system of initial consonant mutations similar to Celtic languages and Biblical Hebrew.

Sound changes from Proto-Finnic

  • Initial v becomes p, as in pïḍ "stream" <- virta
  • Medial l becomes alveolar retracted s̠ in native vocab, as in kas̠ "fish" <- kala
  • Vowel shifts and umlaut: swïx "kin" <- suku, ïpšn "I studied" <- Estonian õppisin
  • Begadkefat spirantization: t tt -> θ t etc.
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