Verse:Irta/Hebrew: Difference between revisions
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The following mapping from Tiberian Hebrew vowels to English vowel phonemes given in ''Ha-Hagiyóh ha-Măcubéleth'' is still in use among English-speaking Jews: | The following mapping from Tiberian Hebrew vowels to English vowel phonemes given in ''Ha-Hagiyóh ha-Măcubéleth'' is still in use among English-speaking Jews: | ||
*patach = chataf patach = tense PALM /ɑː/ in stressed syllables / lax TRAP /a~æ/ in unstressed syllables. Usually transcribed ''a''. | *patach = chataf patach = tense PALM /ɑː/ in stressed syllables / lax TRAP /a~æ/ in unstressed syllables. Usually transcribed ''a''. Most English speakers today use [a] in all positions. | ||
*segol = chataf segol = DRESS /ɛ/. Usually transcribed ''e''. | *segol = chataf segol = DRESS /ɛ/. Usually transcribed ''e''. | ||
*tzere = FACE /ɛɪ/. Usually transcribed ''â''. | *tzere = FACE /ɛɪ/. Usually transcribed ''â''. | ||
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*cholam = GOAT /əʊ~əʏ/; the normative realization is [ə̟ʊ~ɛʊ]. Backed to [ɔʊ~ɒʊ] before dark L, and may be backed to [oʊ] before /r/. Usually transcribed ''uo''. | *cholam = GOAT /əʊ~əʏ/; the normative realization is [ə̟ʊ~ɛʊ]. Backed to [ɔʊ~ɒʊ] before dark L, and may be backed to [oʊ] before /r/. Usually transcribed ''uo''. | ||
*chiriq = tense FLEECE /i:~ɪj/ in tonic, or posttonic open syllables / lax KIT /ɪ/ otherwise. Usually transcribed ''i'' or ''ê''. Some people use ''-ih'' (suggesting the happY vowel) to represent final unstressed /i/: אֲנִי אָמַרְתִּי בְחָפְזִי /ʔaˈniː ʔɔːˈmaɾtiː bəχɔfˈziː/ ''anê ohmarrtih bkhofzê'' 'I said in my haste'. | *chiriq = tense FLEECE /i:~ɪj/ in tonic, or posttonic open syllables / lax KIT /ɪ/ otherwise. Usually transcribed ''i'' or ''ê''. Some people use ''-ih'' (suggesting the happY vowel) to represent final unstressed /i/: אֲנִי אָמַרְתִּי בְחָפְזִי /ʔaˈniː ʔɔːˈmaɾtiː bəχɔfˈziː/ ''anê ohmarrtih bkhofzê'' 'I said in my haste'. | ||
*qubbutz / shuruq = | *qubbutz / shuruq = GOOSE /ʉ:/ in stressed or open syllables / reduced /ɵ~ʊ̈~ʉ/ in unstressed closed syllables. The allophones are backed to [u:] and [ʊ] respectively before dark L and /r/. Usually transcribed ''u'' or ''ô''. | ||
*shva: In careful reading ''shva na'' (/ă/ in Tiberian Hebrew; roughly, shva that was a vowel in earlier stages of Hebrew) is always pronounced. However, it is colloquially not pronounced except, possibly, to resolve initial consonant clusters disallowed in English. When pronounced, it is pronounced [ə]. It may be transcribed ''ă'' or ''e'', or not be transcribed. It may be pronounced [ɪ~ɨ] before /j/ (e.g. תְדַמְּיוּנִי [θəˌðamɪˈjʉːnɪj~ˌθðamɪˈjʉːnɪj] ''thăđamăyônih'' 'you (pl) liken me'). | *shva: In careful reading ''shva na'' (/ă/ in Tiberian Hebrew; roughly, shva that was a vowel in earlier stages of Hebrew) is always pronounced. However, it is colloquially not pronounced except, possibly, to resolve initial consonant clusters disallowed in English. When pronounced, it is pronounced [ə]. It may be transcribed ''ă'' or ''e'', or not be transcribed. It may be pronounced [ɪ~ɨ] before /j/ (e.g. תְדַמְּיוּנִי [θəˌðamɪˈjʉːnɪj~ˌθðamɪˈjʉːnɪj] ''thăđamăyônih'' 'you (pl) liken me'). | ||