Verse:Tdūrzů/Hebrew: Difference between revisions
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*segol = chataf segol = DRESS /ɛ/. Usually transcribed ''e''. | *segol = chataf segol = DRESS /ɛ/. Usually transcribed ''e''. | ||
*tzere = FACE /ɛɪ/. Usually transcribed ''â''. | *tzere = FACE /ɛɪ/. Usually transcribed ''â''. | ||
*qamatz = | *qamatz = in Hăvohróh Măcubéleth, "qamatz gadol" (most open OR stressed syllables) is tense THOUGHT /oː/, and "qamatz qatan" (closed usntressed syllables) is lax LOT /ɔ/. Usually transcribed ''o'', ''oh'' or ''au''. However, often reduced to [ɔ] in pretonic unstressed syllables. | ||
*cholam = GOAT /əʊ~əʏ/; the | *cholam = GOAT /əʊ~əʏ/; the Hăvohróh Măcubéleth realization is [ə̟ʊ~ɛʊ]. Backed to [ɔʊ~ɒʊ] before dark L, and may be backed to [oʊ] before /r/. Usually transcribed ''uo''. | ||
*chiriq = tense FLEECE /i:~ɪj/ in tonic, or posttonic open syllables / lax KIT /ɪ/ otherwise. Usually transcribed ''i'' or ''ê''. Some people use ''-ih'' (suggesting the happY vowel) to represent final unstressed /i/: אֲנִי אָמַרְתִּי בְחָפְזִי /ʔaˈniː ʔɔːˈmaɾtiː bəχɔfˈziː/ ''anê ohmarrtih bkhofzê'' 'I said in my haste'. | *chiriq = tense FLEECE /i:~ɪj/ in tonic, or posttonic open syllables / lax KIT /ɪ/ otherwise. Usually transcribed ''i'' or ''ê''. Some people use ''-ih'' (suggesting the happY vowel) to represent final unstressed /i/: אֲנִי אָמַרְתִּי בְחָפְזִי /ʔaˈniː ʔɔːˈmaɾtiː bəχɔfˈziː/ ''anê ohmarrtih bkhofzê'' 'I said in my haste'. | ||
*qubbutz / shuruq = GOOSE /ʉ:/ in stressed or open syllables / reduced /ɵ~ʊ̈~ʉ/ in unstressed closed syllables. The allophones are backed to [u:] and [ʊ] respectively before dark L and /r/. Usually transcribed ''u'' or ''ô''. | *qubbutz / shuruq = GOOSE /ʉ:/ in stressed or open syllables / reduced /ɵ~ʊ̈~ʉ/ in unstressed closed syllables. The allophones are backed to [u:] and [ʊ] respectively before dark L and /r/. Usually transcribed ''u'' or ''ô''. | ||
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/ʔ b v g ɣ d ð h w z ħ tʼ j k x l m n s ʕ p f ts kʼ r ʃ t θ/ = /ʔ~∅ b v g g d d h w z ħ~χ t~ʔt j k x~χ l m n s ʕ~ʔ~∅ p f ts~ʔts k~ʔk ɾ~ɹ~ʋ ʃ t θ/ | /ʔ b v g ɣ d ð h w z ħ tʼ j k x l m n s ʕ p f ts kʼ r ʃ t θ/ = /ʔ~∅ b v g g d d h w z ħ~χ t~ʔt j k x~χ l m n s ʕ~ʔ~∅ p f ts~ʔts k~ʔk ɾ~ɹ~ʋ ʃ t θ/ | ||
As in Received Pronunciation, /l/ is clear [l] when before a vowel and dark [ɫ] otherwise. People often vocalize dark L to [w] but this doesn't happen in careful pronunciation. The clear L-dark L distinction is marginally phonemic in Hebrew poetry where shva may or may not be pronounced according to poetic license: the shva in מילאו ( | As in Received Pronunciation, /l/ is clear [l] when before a vowel and dark [ɫ] otherwise. People often vocalize dark L to [w] but this doesn't happen in careful pronunciation. The clear L-dark L distinction is marginally phonemic in Hebrew poetry where shva may or may not be pronounced according to poetic license: the shva in מילאו (Hăvohróh Măcubéleth [mɪləˈʔʉː]) 'they filled' vs. מלאו ''mil'u'' (Hăvohróh Măcubéleth [mɪɫˈʔʉː]) 'fill! (2pl imperative)' may both be /ə/ or both silent, hence [mɪl(ə)ˈʔʉː] and [mɪɫ(ə)ˈʔʉː] respectively. | ||
Hăvohróh Măcubéleth prescribes [r~ɾ] for /r/ but in practice people variously realize /r/ as [r], [ɾ], [ɹ], [ʀ], or [ʋ] depending on accent and personal preference. A schwa [ə] may be added before non-prevocalic /r/. Non-prevocalic R may even be vocalized to [ə] in non-rhotic accents but this is frowned upon. | |||
Hăvohróh Măcubéleth prescribes [ð] for daleth without dagesh, however it's pronounced [d] in almost all other accents. | |||
Voiceless plosives are usually aspirated. | Voiceless plosives are usually aspirated. | ||
Hăvohróh Măcubéleth prescribes pronouncing /ħ ʕ/ as [ħ ʕ]. Most people casually merge /ħ/ and /x/ into [χ], and prevocalic /ʕ/ and /ʔ/ into [ʔ~Ø]. Non-prevocalic /ʕ/ may be realized as nasalization of the preceding vowel: patach + ayin is pronounced as [ɑ̃:], and qamatz + ayin as [ɔ̃:]. Tsere + patach + ayin may become [ɛ̃:]. | |||
Many people but not everyone uses glottal reinforcement for postvocalic /tʼ kʼ ts/: e.g. צַדִּיק /tsadˈdikʼ/ [tsaˈdɪjʔk~tsaˈdɪjk] 'righteous; pious, saintly'. (This is also used in [[Knánith]] Hebrew.) | Many people but not everyone uses glottal reinforcement for postvocalic /tʼ kʼ ts/: e.g. צַדִּיק /tsadˈdikʼ/ [tsaˈdɪjʔk~tsaˈdɪjk] 'righteous; pious, saintly'. (This is also used in [[Knánith]] Hebrew.) | ||