Verse:Irta/Hebrew: Difference between revisions

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The grammar is nearly identical to our Israeli Hebrew (using suffix conjugation = past, participle = present, prefix conjugation = future, l- + infinitive construct = infinitive), but different phonological simplifications are made than in Israeli Hebrew and there are calques from English not used in Israeli Hebrew, such as מה מעלה /ma ˈmɑ̃ːlo/ = "what's up?"

==~~English~~ Hebrew==

==Azali Hebrew==

[[TT-English]] Hebrew is one of the most conservative modern Lõisian reading traditions (i.e. closest to Tiberian Hebrew). In most accents it is much like our Ashkenazi Hebrew, except that all of the begadkefat consonants except /g/ preserve the lenition. It is really a mapping from Tiberian Hebrew phonemes to English phonemes, so the exact accent would depend on the speaker's native English accent. There is a gap between:

Azali Hebrew, or [[TT-English]] Hebrew is one of the most conservative modern Lõisian reading traditions (i.e. closest to Tiberian Hebrew). In most accents it is much like our Ashkenazi Hebrew, except that all of the begadkefat consonants except /g/ preserve the lenition. It is really a mapping from Tiberian Hebrew phonemes to English phonemes, so the exact accent would depend on the speaker's native English accent. There is a gap between:

# Normative, careful pronunciation, used by older cantors, and in hymns, song and poetry. This pronunciation is often called ''Ha-Hăvohróh ha-Măcubéleth'' ההברה המקובלת [hahavoːˈɾoː haməʔkʊˈbɛlɛθ], literally 'received pronunciation' or 'accepted pronunciation' (meaning that it was the Hebrew pronunciation passed down by tradition in the Northern Levant at the time it was codified), named after Newton native Rabbi Yitskhác ben Mănakhấm's (יצחק בן מנחם /jɪʔtsˈħaʔk bɛn mənaˈħɛɪm/) 15th century guide ''Ha-Havohróh ha-Măcubéleth'' which described this pronunciation with a mapping to English sounds. It is thought to reflect 15th century English pronunciation in the city of [[Verse:Lõis/Newton|Newton]] which since then developed alongside L-Standard English, but with slightly different changes.

# Natural pronunciation which uses the speaker's native accent, used in other contexts, such as when an average Jew or a rabbi reads Hebrew texts or quotes Hebrew texts in a conversation. Cantors today are usually encouraged to follow their communities' local accents.

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===Vowels===

~~English~~ Hebrew distinguishes between all of the 7 major Tiberian Hebrew vowels: /i e ɛ a ɔ o u/ (chiriq, tzere, segol, patach, qamatz, cholam and qubbutz/shuruq) are all distinct.

Azali Hebrew distinguishes between all of the 7 major Tiberian Hebrew vowels: /i e ɛ a ɔ o u/ (chiriq, tzere, segol, patach, qamatz, cholam and qubbutz/shuruq) are all distinct.

Like in Tiberian Hebrew, Standard ~~English~~ Hebrew has long-short or tense-lax alternation, depending on whether the syllable is stressed OR open or not. However, loss of gemination has messed this up somewhat, and now unstressed patach and pretonic unstressed hiriq are always short or lax. Speakers of some English accents that do not make any tense-lax distinctions carry this over to their Hebrew pronunciations, thus all stressed syllables become long and all unstressed syllables become short.

Like in Tiberian Hebrew, Standard Azali Hebrew has long-short or tense-lax alternation, depending on whether the syllable is stressed OR open or not. However, loss of gemination has messed this up somewhat, and now unstressed patach and pretonic unstressed hiriq are always short or lax. Speakers of some English accents that do not make any tense-lax distinctions carry this over to their Hebrew pronunciations, thus all stressed syllables become long and all unstressed syllables become short.

The following mapping from Tiberian Hebrew vowels to English vowel phonemes given in ''Ha-Havohróh ha-Măcubéleth'' is still in use among English-speaking Jews:

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===Sample (Adon Olam)===

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=""

! style="width: 250px;" | Hebrew !! style="width: 230px;" | L-Standard English pronunciation (casual) !! style="width: 350px;" | Translation (Not word-for-word)

@@ Line 41: / Line 41: @@
 The grammar is nearly identical to our Israeli Hebrew (using suffix conjugation = past, participle = present, prefix conjugation = future, l- + infinitive construct = infinitive), but different phonological simplifications are made than in Israeli Hebrew and there are calques from English not used in Israeli Hebrew, such as מה מעלה /ma ˈmɑ̃ːlo/ = "what's up?"
-==English Hebrew==
+==Azali Hebrew==
-[[TT-English]] Hebrew is one of the most conservative modern Lõisian reading traditions (i.e. closest to Tiberian Hebrew). In most accents it is much like our Ashkenazi Hebrew, except that all of the begadkefat consonants except /g/ preserve the lenition. It is really a mapping from Tiberian Hebrew phonemes to English phonemes, so the exact accent would depend on the speaker's native English accent. There is a gap between:
+Azali Hebrew, or [[TT-English]] Hebrew is one of the most conservative modern Lõisian reading traditions (i.e. closest to Tiberian Hebrew). In most accents it is much like our Ashkenazi Hebrew, except that all of the begadkefat consonants except /g/ preserve the lenition. It is really a mapping from Tiberian Hebrew phonemes to English phonemes, so the exact accent would depend on the speaker's native English accent. There is a gap between:
 # Normative, careful pronunciation, used by older cantors, and in hymns, song and poetry. This pronunciation is often called ''Ha-Hăvohróh ha-Măcubéleth'' ההברה המקובלת [hahavoːˈɾoː haməʔkʊˈbɛlɛθ], literally 'received pronunciation' or 'accepted pronunciation' (meaning that it was the Hebrew pronunciation passed down by tradition in the Northern Levant at the time it was codified), named after Newton native Rabbi Yitskhác ben Mănakhấm's (יצחק בן מנחם /jɪʔtsˈħaʔk bɛn mənaˈħɛɪm/) 15th century guide ''Ha-Havohróh ha-Măcubéleth'' which described this pronunciation with a mapping to English sounds. It is thought to reflect 15th century English pronunciation in the city of [[Verse:Lõis/Newton|Newton]] which since then developed alongside L-Standard English, but with slightly different changes.
 # Natural pronunciation which uses the speaker's native accent, used in other contexts, such as when an average Jew or a rabbi reads Hebrew texts or quotes Hebrew texts in a conversation. Cantors today are usually encouraged to follow their communities' local accents.
@@ Line 53: / Line 53: @@
 ===Vowels===
-English Hebrew distinguishes between all of the 7 major Tiberian Hebrew vowels: /i e ɛ a ɔ o u/ (chiriq, tzere, segol, patach, qamatz, cholam and qubbutz/shuruq) are all distinct.
+Azali Hebrew distinguishes between all of the 7 major Tiberian Hebrew vowels: /i e ɛ a ɔ o u/ (chiriq, tzere, segol, patach, qamatz, cholam and qubbutz/shuruq) are all distinct.
-Like in Tiberian Hebrew, Standard English Hebrew has long-short or tense-lax alternation, depending on whether the syllable is stressed OR open or not. However, loss of gemination has messed this up somewhat, and now unstressed patach and pretonic unstressed hiriq are always short or lax. Speakers of some English accents that do not make any tense-lax distinctions carry this over to their Hebrew pronunciations, thus all stressed syllables become long and all unstressed syllables become short.
+Like in Tiberian Hebrew, Standard Azali Hebrew has long-short or tense-lax alternation, depending on whether the syllable is stressed OR open or not. However, loss of gemination has messed this up somewhat, and now unstressed patach and pretonic unstressed hiriq are always short or lax. Speakers of some English accents that do not make any tense-lax distinctions carry this over to their Hebrew pronunciations, thus all stressed syllables become long and all unstressed syllables become short.
 The following mapping from Tiberian Hebrew vowels to English vowel phonemes given in ''Ha-Havohróh ha-Măcubéleth'' is still in use among English-speaking Jews:
@@ Line 130: / Line 130: @@
 ===Sample (Adon Olam)===
 {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=""
 ! style="width: 250px;" | Hebrew !! style="width: 230px;" | L-Standard English pronunciation (casual) !! style="width: 350px;" | Translation (Not word-for-word)