Modern Gothic: Difference between revisions
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| fam2 = [[w:Germanic_languages|Germanic]] | | fam2 = [[w:Germanic_languages|Germanic]] | ||
| fam3 = [[w:East_Germanic_languages|East Germanic]] | | fam3 = [[w:East_Germanic_languages|East Germanic]] | ||
| fam4 = [[w:Gothic_language|Gothic]] | | fam4 = [[w:Gothic_language|Biblical Gothic]] | ||
|ancestor=[[w:Gothic_language|Gothic]] | |ancestor=[[w:Gothic_language|Biblical Gothic]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| nation =Seefirian Kingdom <br> Gothia <br> Windish Atheldom | | nation =Seefirian Kingdom <br> Gothia <br> Windish Atheldom | ||
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}} | }} | ||
Modern Gothic | '''Modern Gothic''' is an East Germanic language descended from a language similar to Biblical Gothic. Words will be given in Standard Modern Gothic and Colloquial Modern Gothic, if they differ. | ||
== Settings == | == Settings == | ||
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Eastern is divided into Near and Far. Far Eastern Gothic has heavy Slavic influence, such as both stages of Slavic palatalization. Near Eastern Gothic only went through the second stage.<br> | Eastern is divided into Near and Far. Far Eastern Gothic has heavy Slavic influence, such as both stages of Slavic palatalization. Near Eastern Gothic only went through the second stage.<br> | ||
Southern Gothic has | Southern Gothic has significant Greek influences. It is the most conservative of all the dialects. | ||
=== Sound changes from Biblical Gothic to Middle Gothic === | === Sound changes from Biblical Gothic to Middle Gothic === | ||
==== General ==== | |||
/kʷ/ was re-analyzed as /kw/. Gothic ''qiman'' → ''*kiuman'' → ''kiumaz / kumes'', 'to come'. <br> | |||
/mn/ assimilated to /mː/. Gothic ''himins'' → ''*himns'' → ''emm'', 'heaven'. | |||
==== Elision ==== | |||
Unstressed, short vowels are elided when near stressed or long occurrences of the same vowel. | |||
==== Metathesis ==== | |||
This primarily happened with liquids. if /l r/ are adjacent to /h/, they are switched so /h/ is either directly before or after a vowel. Gothic ''marhs'' → ''*mahrs'' → ''mȃr'', 'horse'. Or Gothic ''hlahjan'' → ''*lhahjn'' → ''ȃȃjz / ȃȃjs'', 'to laugh'. | |||
==== H-Lowering ==== | |||
==== W-Rounding ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
Revision as of 20:00, 3 December 2019
| Modern Gothic | |
|---|---|
| Gusenskius, Gusskus | |
| Pronunciation | [[Help:IPA|[[ˈgu.səns.kys] [ˈgʊsː.kʊs]]]] |
| Created by | sjacik |
| Setting | Yrof Unnamed Alternate Timeline MLP AU |
| Native to | Seefirian Kingdom, Gothia, Windish Atheldom |
| Ethnicity | Seefir, Human, Pegasus |
Indo-European
| |
Early form | |
| Official status | |
Official language in | Seefirian Kingdom Gothia Windish Atheldom |
Modern Gothic is an East Germanic language descended from a language similar to Biblical Gothic. Words will be given in Standard Modern Gothic and Colloquial Modern Gothic, if they differ.
Settings
Modern Gothic is used in three different settings. The first is Yrof. Yrof is a fantasy world. The next is an alternate timeline where the Ostrogoths survived as a culture to the modern day. The last is a My Little Pony alternate universe called Constraints on Harmony.
Dialects
There are 6 main dialects of Modern Gothic. These are divided into 3 branches: Coastal, Eastern, and Southern. Coastal is comprised of the Standard form of the language, the Northern varieties, and some that are related to the standard form.
Eastern is divided into Near and Far. Far Eastern Gothic has heavy Slavic influence, such as both stages of Slavic palatalization. Near Eastern Gothic only went through the second stage.
Southern Gothic has significant Greek influences. It is the most conservative of all the dialects.
Sound changes from Biblical Gothic to Middle Gothic
General
/kʷ/ was re-analyzed as /kw/. Gothic qiman → *kiuman → kiumaz / kumes, 'to come'.
/mn/ assimilated to /mː/. Gothic himins → *himns → emm, 'heaven'.
Elision
Unstressed, short vowels are elided when near stressed or long occurrences of the same vowel.
Metathesis
This primarily happened with liquids. if /l r/ are adjacent to /h/, they are switched so /h/ is either directly before or after a vowel. Gothic marhs → *mahrs → mȃr, 'horse'. Or Gothic hlahjan → *lhahjn → ȃȃjz / ȃȃjs, 'to laugh'.
H-Lowering
W-Rounding
| Original | Change | Environment | Exception | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| kʷ | kw | (C)_V | ||
| kʷ | wk | V_(C) | ||
| rh | hr | V_(C) | ||
| hr | rh | (C)_V | ||
| lh | hl | V_(C) | ||
| hl | lh | (C)_V | ||
| ha | ɑ | |||
| hɛ | a | |||
| hi | e | |||
| hu | o | |||
| hɔ | ɑ | |||
| haː | ɑː | |||
| hɛː | aː | |||
| heː | ɛː | |||
| hiː | eː | |||
| huː | oː | |||
| hoː | ɔː | |||
| hɔː | ɑː | |||
| wa | ɔ | |||
| wɛ | œ | |||
| wi | y | |||
| wu | u | |||
| wɔ | ɔː | |||
| wɑ | ɔː | |||
| waː | ɔː | |||
| wɛː | œː | |||
| weː | øː | |||
| wiː | yː | |||
| wuː | uːː | |||
| woː | oːː | |||
| wɔː | ɔːː | |||
| wɑː | ɔː | |||
| ah | ɑː | |||
| ɛh | aː | |||
| ih | eː | |||
| uh | oː | |||
| ɔh | ɑː | |||
| aːh | ɑːː | |||
| ɛːh | aːː | |||
| eːh | ɛːː | |||
| iːh | eːː | |||
| uːh | oːː | |||
| oːh | ɔːː | |||
| ɔːh | ɑːː | |||
| aw | ɔː | |||
| ɛw | œː | |||
| iw | yː | |||
| uw | uː | |||
| ɔw | ɔː | |||
| ɑw | ɔː | |||
| aːw | ɔːː | |||
| ɛːw | œːː | |||
| eːw | øːː | |||
| iːw | yːː | |||
| uːw | uːː | |||
| oːw | oːː | |||
| ɔːw | ɔːː | |||
| ɑːw | ɔːː | |||
| mn | mː | |||
| pː | ʔ, p | , _C | The first outcome occurs in the north, while the second happens in the southern dialects. | |
| tː | ʔ, t | , _C | The first outcome occurs in the north, while the second happens in the southern dialects. | |
| kː | ʔ, k | , _C | The first outcome occurs in the north, while the second happens in the southern dialects. |
Coastal Gothic also went through a variant of the first two stages of the High German Consonant Shift, but the results varied between the north and the south. In the north, it closely followed the Bavarian dialects of German.
Standard New Gothic
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | (ŋ)1 | |
| Stop | p2 b | t2 d | k2 g | |
| Affricate | tʃ dʒ | |||
| Fricative | f v3 | t s ʃ ʒ | x | h4 |
| Approximant | j | |||
| Trill | r |
1 /ŋ/ is found only before the velar stops
2 The voiceless stops are unaspirated
3 /v/ is realized as [w] intervocally
4 /h/ is only found between vowels, and is used to break up vowel sequences
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i iː iə̯ y yː yə̯ | u uː uə̯ | |
| Close-mid | eː eə̯ øː øə̯ | oː oə̯ | |
| Open-mid | ɛ ɛː ɛə̯ œ œː œə̯ | ə | ɔ ɔː ɔə̯ |
| Open | a aː aə̯ | ɑ ɑː ɑə̯ |
The centering diphthongs come from overlong vowels in Middle Gothic. No surviving dialect kept them as overlong. They were either broken or shortened.