Idavic languages: Difference between revisions
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Tone changes were part of the morphology of Proto-Shalaian, as in Modern Shalian. | Tone changes were part of the morphology of Proto-Shalaian, as in Modern Shalian. | ||
The strong and weak declensions and the two sets of possessive markers are both Proto-Shalaian features. | The strong and weak declensions and the two sets of possessive markers are both Proto-Shalaian features. Verbs were uninflected; it is thought that verbs developed personal marking later from possessed (possibly doubly-possessed) verbal nouns. | ||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
Revision as of 13:41, 27 February 2020
Ashe and Hirst's Shalaian grammar provides the following proto-language:
Phonology
- Consonants: b d ǵ gw G ɓ t’ ḱ’ kʷ’ q’ p t ḱ kʷ q s h ʔ m n l r w y
- Vowels: a i u ā ī ū ō
- Pitch accent: modal (á), creaky (aˀ)
Morphology
Tone changes were part of the morphology of Proto-Shalaian, as in Modern Shalian.
The strong and weak declensions and the two sets of possessive markers are both Proto-Shalaian features. Verbs were uninflected; it is thought that verbs developed personal marking later from possessed (possibly doubly-possessed) verbal nouns.
Syntax
Proto-Shalaian syntax was VOS.
Diachronics
- b > v; ɓ > b; gw > g > γ > x
- Grimm's law: pʰ tʰ ḱʰ kʷʰ qʰ > f θ ʃ x H
- q G q' > H ayin q
- further shifts: kʷ' > kʷ > xʷ
- Vowel shifts: ā > /ɛɪ/ (except before pharyngeals); ō > /əʊ/, u > /ɒ/, iw > /ju:/
- final -ā -ī shorten to -a -i
- Loss of initial glottal stop, then loss of non-prevocalic /r/
- Historical long vowels (also /ɑː/ from historical /ar/) shorten before /ʕ/