Eadlan/Older draft

Older draft
Năhtuıyin
Created by	User:IlL
Setting	Verse:AETHER
Language family	Shalaic Older draft

Netagin (Năhtuıyin /ˈnəʔtʰʉjin/) is a Sami, Hebrew and Windermere-inspired Shalaic language. It is related to Shalaian but phonologically is less conservative.

Netagin has notably developed Uralic-style consonant gradation. It also has non-rhoticity as a historical sound change, a sprachbund feature it shares with Shalaian but in a much more limited fashion (Only word-final /r/ is lost).

About

External history

This is the sixth reincarnation of Netagin (my past Hebrew-inspired conlangs).

I was getting bored of standard-fare Semitic and Celtic aesthetics, so I decided to try out a much more (mainly Northern and Skolt) Sami aesthetic and make the Hebrew influence much more subtle (at least phonologically).

Internal history

Netagin is a conlang created by Edna Ashe. Like its relative Shalaian, it is loosely inspired by Hebrew and (in-universe) Philadelphia English, and Celtic languages.

Both Netagin and Shalaian are used as liturgical languages in Ashe's personal system of spirituality.

Internal² history

Shalaian and Netagin belong to a common sprachbund. They are two different branches of the Shalaic family that convergently evolved to share the following features:

• Preglottalization
• Large vowel system
• Historical non-rhoticity
• Verb-initial syntax
• Split-ergativity

Unlike Shalaian, Netagin is a "satem" language, i.e. labiovelars become plain velars and plain velars become palatalized.

Phonology

"Northern + Skolt Sami but more Windermere and Tíogall"

Vowels

/ɪ u ɛ ɔ ə ɨ a iə uə eə oə ɨə/ i u e o ă ĭ a ia ua ea oa ĭa

Umlauted counterparts of the above are marked with ı:

/i ʉ e ɵ ɨ æ ie ue ie oe ɨɪ/ iı uı eı ăı aı ieı ueı eaı oeı ĭeı

Proto-Netagin a ā i ī u ū ə + modal/stød -> a o/oa e/ea i/ie u/ua ă ĭ/ĭa

Consonants

• Nasals: m bm bmm hm hmm n dn dnn hn hnn /m pm pːm m̥ː m̥ːː n tn tːn n̥ː n̥ːː/
• Stops:
  • p hp hpp b hb hbb f /pʰ ʔpʰ ʔːpʰ p~b hp hːp v/
  • t ht htt d hd hdd th /tʰ ʔtʰ ʔːtʰ t~d ht hːt ð/
  • ț hț hțț ḑ hḑ hḑḑ z /tsʰ ʔtsʰ ʔːtsʰ ts~dz hts hːts z/
  • c̦ hc̦ hc̦c̦ ģ hģ hģģ j /tʃʰ ʔtʃʰ ʔːtʃʰ tʃ~dʒ htʃ hːtʃ ʒ/
  • ξ hξ hξξ λ hλ hλλ ƛ /tɬʰ ʔtɬʰ ʔːtɬʰ tɬ~dɮ htɬ hːtɬ l/
  • c hc hcc g hg hgg /kʰ ʔkʰ ʔːkʰ k~g hk hːk/
  • q hq hqq /qʰ ʔqʰ ʔ:qʰ/
• Fricatives: s ss s's ș șș ș'ș σ σσ σ'σ h hh h'h /s sː sːː ʃ ʃː ʃːː ɬ ɬː ɬːː h xː xːː/
• Other resonants:
  • l ll gll hl hll /ʟ qː ɢː χː χːː/
  • r rr drr hr hrr /r tr dːr r̥ː r̥ːː/
  • y yy gyy hy hyy /j cː ɟː çː çːː/
  • w ww gww hw hww /w kʷː gʷː xʷː xʷːː/

The back liquid /ʟ/ is realized as a pharyngealized nasalized approximant [ʁ̃ˁ]. It comes from a merger of Proto-Shalaic *l and *ʕ.

Stress

Stress is always initial, ignoring derivational prefixes.

Gradation

There are 3 gradation grades in Netagin morphology, termed weak, strong, overlong or I, II, III. These are purely morphological: different forms a word may require different grades, and a form may be marked through gradation alone.

Simple consonants

Weak (I)	f	b	th	d	z	ḑ	y	ģ	ƛ	λ	j	g	q /q⁼/	s	ș	σ	h	m	n	l	r	y	w
Strong (II)	hb	hp	hd	ht	hḑ	hț	hģ	hc̦	hλ	hξ	hg	hc	hq	ss	șș	σσ	hh	bm	dn	ll	rr	yy	ww
Overlong (III)	hbb	hpp	hdd	htt	hḑḑ	hțț	hģģ	hc̦c̦	hλλ	hξξ	hgg	hcc	hqq	ss	șș	σσ	hh	hm	hn	gll	drr	gyy	gww

Geminates

Geminates in Netagin largely arise from historical nC, /ʔ h/ + C, C + /ʔ h/ → C: sound changes.

Weak (I)	hb	hp	hd	ht	hḑ	hț	hģ	hc̦	hλ	hξ	hg	hc	hq	ss	șș	σσ	hh	bm	dn	ll	rr	yy	ww	hl	hr	hy	hw
Strong (II) = Overlong (III)	hbb	hpp	hdd	htt	hḑḑ	hțț	hģģ	hc̦c̦	hλλ	hξξ	hgg	hcc	hqq	s's	ș'ș	σ'σ	h'h	bmm /p:m/	dnn /t:n/	gll /ɢ:/	drr /d:ɾ/	gyy /ɟː/	gww /gːʷ/	hll	hrr	hyy	hww

Clusters with resonants

Cluster type	PR	RR	FR	RX, R ≠ l	lX (l = /ʟ/)
Weak (I)	PIR	RRII	FIR	RXI	lXI
Strong (II)	PIIR	RRII	FItR	RXII	qXI
Overlong (III)	PIIIR	RRIII	FIIR	RXIII	llXI

• R = resonant /m n ʟ r j w/
• X = obstruent
• P = stop
• F = fricative /s ʃ ɬ/
• C_I, C_II, C_III = simple consonant in the corresponding gradation grade

Stop-obstruent clusters

Weak (I)	fd, fḑ, fģ, fλ, fg	ft, fț, fc̦, fξ, fc, fq, fs, fș, fσ	thb, thg	thp, thc, thq	wb, wd, wḑ, wģ, wλ	wp, wt, wț, wc̦, wξ, ws, wș, wσ
Strong (II) = Overlong (III)	bd, bḑ, bģ, bλ, bg	pt, pț, pc̦, pξ, pc, pq, ps, pș, pσ	db, dg	tp, tc, tq	gb, gd, gḑ, gģ, gλ	cp, ct, cț, cc̦, cξ, cs, cș, cσ

The hypothetical qC~lC gradation has merged with llC~lC gradation into llC~qC~lC gradation.

Sibilant-stop clusters

Weak (I)	sp, st, sț, sξ, sc, sq /sp, st, sts, stʃ, stɬ, sk, sq/	șp, șt, șc̦, șξ, șc, șq /ʃp, ʃt, ʃtʃ, ʃtɬ, ʃk, ʃq/	łp, łt, łc, łq /ɬp, ɬt, ɬk, ɬq/
Strong (II) = Overlong (III)	spp, stt, sțț, sξξ, scc, sqq /sːp, sːt, sːts, sːtɬ, sːk, sːq/	șpp, ștt, etc. /ʃːp, ʃːt, ʃːtʃ, ʃːtɬ, ʃːk, ʃːq/	łpp, łtt, łcc, łqq /ɬːp, ɬːt, ɬːk, ɬːq/

Morphology

Nouns

Netagin has singular, dual, and plural numbers, and animate and inanimate genders. Some inanimates end in -ă, which is cognate to the Shalaian honorific suffix -er.

Netagin nouns take the definite article pă and the specific article nă.

Todo: Even and odd nouns

Possessive markers

Possessive markers haƀe different forms depending on number and case.

• c̦uoll = a house (nominative singular)
• 1s c̦uolăl
• 2s c̦uolăth
• 3s c̦uolla (a); c̦uolli (i)
• 1d c̦uolăjăf
• 2d c̦uolnif
• 3d c̦uolăf
• 1p c̦uolăģ
• 2p c̦uolni
• 3p c̦uolăs

• c̦uol = a house (genitive singular)
• 1s c̦uolăggăl
• 2s c̦uolăggăth
• 3s c̦uolăgg (a); c̦uoluy (i)
• 1d c̦uolăggăjăf
• 2d c̦uolăggănif
• 3d c̦uolăggăf
• 1p c̦uolăggăģ
• 2p c̦uolăggni
• 3p c̦uolăggăs

• c̦uolădd = two houses (nominative dual) [dual possessed forms don't depend on case]
• 1s c̦uolăddăl
• 2s c̦uolăddăth
• 3s c̦uolăddud (a); c̦uolădduģ (i)
• 1d c̦uolăddăjăf
• 2d c̦uolăddănif
• 3d c̦uolăddăf
• 1p c̦uolăddăģ
• 2p c̦uolăddni
• 3p c̦uolăddăs

• c̦uollu = houses (nom pl)
• 1s c̦uolul
• 2s c̦uoluth
• 3s c̦uollud (a); c̦uolluģ (i)
• 1d c̦uolujăf
• 2d c̦uolunif
• 3d c̦uoluf
• 1p c̦uoluģ
• 2p c̦uoluni
• 3p c̦uolus

• c̦uoluk = houses (gen pl)
• 1s c̦uolugăl
• 2s c̦uolugăth
• 3s c̦uolugg (a); c̦uolluy (i)
• 1d c̦uolugăjăf
• 2d c̦uolugănif
• 3d c̦uolugăf
• 1p c̦uolugăģ
• 2p c̦uolugni
• 3p c̦uolugăs

Adjectives

animate:

• nominative: qoahđbi /qʰoəθːpi/, qoađbidd /qʰoəðbidːt/, qoađbun /qʰoəðbun/ <- PShal *qũdba, *qũdband, *qũdbaan
• genitive: qoađbă /qʰoəðbə/, qoahđbin /qʰoəθ:pin/, qoahđbă /qʰoəθ:pə/ <- *qũdbat, *qũdband=igid, *qũdbii

inanimate

• nominative: qoahđb, qoađbădd, qoahđbu <- *qũdbu, *qũdbund, *qũdbaa
• genitive: qoađb, qoahđbin, qoađbuk <- *qũdbuk, *qũdbund=igid, *qũdbaak

Pronouns

Independent pronouns

• 1s hweal
• 2s hwead
• 1d hweażab
• 2d hweanib
• 1p hweaż
• 2p hweani

Syntax

Lushootseed (predicate first)?

Myl las oszað, byddzal = Give me your hand, my love

Vocabulary

Shalaian as major loan source?