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|+caption | Auxiliary verbs | |+caption | Auxiliary verbs | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Root | ||
! | ! Attached to | ||
! | ! Irrealis | ||
! | ! Infinitive | ||
! Conclusive | |||
! Adnominal | |||
! Realis | |||
! Imperative | |||
! Meaning | |||
|- style="text-align:center;" | |- style="text-align:center;" | ||
| ''* | ! ''*də-'' | ||
| | | Infinitive | ||
| | | ''*dē'' | ||
| ''*dəi'' | |||
| ''*dəsu'' | |||
| ''*dəu'' | |||
| ''*dəsa'' | |||
| ''*də̄'' | |||
| Perfective aspect • Emphatic | |||
|- style="text-align:center;" | |||
! ''*n-'' | |||
| Infinitive | |||
| ''*ne'' | |||
| ''*ni'' | |||
| ''*nusu'' | |||
| ''*nu'' | |||
| ''*nsa'' | |||
| ''*nə̄'' | |||
| Perfective aspect • Emphatic | |||
|- style="text-align:center;" | |||
! ''*ar-'' | |||
| Infinitive | |||
| ''*are'' | |||
| ''*ari'' | |||
| ''*arusu'' | |||
| ''*aru'' | |||
| ''*arsa'' | |||
| ''*arə̄'' | |||
| Perfective aspect • Continuation | |||
|- style="text-align:center;" | |||
! ''*ki-/*s-'' | |||
| Infinitive | |||
| ''*kiye'' | |||
| ''*kī'' | |||
| ''*kisu'' | |||
| ''*su'' | |||
| ''*sa'' | |||
| ''*sə̄'' | |||
| Past tense | |||
|- style="text-align:center;" | |||
! ''*l-/*nu-'' | |||
| Irrealis | |||
| ''*le'' | |||
| ''*li'' | |||
| ''*lusu'' | |||
| ''*nū'' | |||
| ''*nusa'' | |||
| ''*nure'' | |||
| Negative | |||
|} | |} | ||
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