Ilithian: Difference between revisions
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==Verbs== | ==Verbs== | ||
===Present system=== | ===Present system=== | ||
{{col-begin}} | |||
{{col-2}} | |||
Primary endings | |||
{| class="wikitable" border="1" | {| class="wikitable" border="1" | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! 1st | ! 1st | ||
| -ṃ || -va || -ma || - | | -ṃ || -va || -ma || -mé || -vadhé || -madhé | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2nd | ! 2nd | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
{{col-2}} | |||
Secondary endings | |||
{| class="wikitable" border="1" | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"| | |||
!colspan="3"| Active | |||
!colspan="3"| Passive | |||
|- | |||
! Singular !! Dual!! Plural !! Singular !! Dual!! Plural | |||
|- | |||
! 1st | |||
| (vowel change) || -va || -ma || -nén || -vadhé || -madhé | |||
|- | |||
! 2nd | |||
| -ḥ || -ta || -te || -šé || -taha || -dhva | |||
|- | |||
! 3rd | |||
| -Ø || -ta || -n || -eta || -taha || -anta | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
{{col-end}} | |||
Athematic: dadháṃ, dadháš, dadhát, | Athematic: dadháṃ, dadháš, dadhát, | ||
Thematic o/e ablaut: | Thematic o/e ablaut: | ||
Revision as of 03:24, 28 November 2020
classical language in Russia and Central Asia
Phonology
Consonants: identical to Czech (add bh dh džh ďh gh?) -ḥ = [x] and -ṃ = [ŋ]
Vowels: a e i u á é í ú ej ou
Nouns
TODO: Dual
| vrk (m.) = wolf | loušná (f.) = moon, month | oušta (n.) = mouth | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| Nominative | vrk | vrké | loušná | loušnaḥ | oušta | ouštání |
| Genitive | vrkaš | vrkou | loušnaḥ | loušnou | ouštaš | ouštou |
| Dative | vrkej | vrkaṃ | loušnáj | loušnáṃ | ouštej | ouštaṃ |
| Accusative | vrka | vrkouḥ | loušnou | loušnaḥ | oušta | ouštání |
| Ablative | vrkáḥ | vrkaṃ | loušnáḥ | loušnáṃ | ouštáḥ | ouštaṃ |
| Instrumental | vrká | vrkéḥ | loušnajá | loušnámi | ouštá | ouštéḥ |
| Locative | vrké | vrkéš | loušné | loušnáš | oušté | ouštéš |
| Vocative | vrče! | vrké! | loušna! | loušnáh! | oušte! | ouštání! |
| agň (m.) = fire | mati (f.) = thought | mař (n.) = sea | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| Nominative | agň | agňé | mať | maťaḥ | mař | maríní |
| Genitive | agňéš | agňou | maťéḥ | maťou | mařéš | mařou |
| Dative | agňej | agňéṃ | maťáj | maťéṃ | mařej | mařéṃ |
| Accusative | agni | agníḥ | mati | matíḥ | mař | maríní |
| Ablative | agňéḥ | agňéṃ | maťéḥ | maťéṃ | mařéḥ | mařéṃ |
| Instrumental | agní | agňémi | matijá | maťémi | marí | mařémi |
| Locative | agňé | agníš | maťé | matíš | mařé | maríš |
| Vocative | agňe! | agňé! | maťi! | maťaḥ! | maře! | maríní! |
| véju (m.) = wind | džouštu (f.) = meat | madhu (n.) = honey | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| Nominative | véju | véjavé | džouštu | džouštavaḥ | madhu | madhúní |
| Genitive | véjouš | véjavou | džouštouḥ | džouštavou | madhouš | madhavou |
| Dative | véjavej | véjuṃ | džouštaváj | džouštuṃ | madhavej | madhuṃ |
| Accusative | véjú | véjúḥ | džouštú | džouštúḥ | madhu | madhúní |
| Ablative | véjouḥ | véjuṃ | džouštouḥ | džouštuṃ | madhouḥ | madhuṃ |
| Instrumental | véjú | véjumi | džouštujá | džouštumi | madhú | madhumi |
| Locative | véjáu | vejúš | džouštáu | džouštúš | madháu | madhúš |
| Vocative | véjou! | véjavé! | džouštou! | džoustavaḥ! | madhou! | madhúní! |
Pronouns
| case | 1sg. | 2sg. | 3sg. | 1pl. | 2pl. | 3pl. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| m. | f. | n. | m. | f. | n. | |||||
| nom. | aha | tú | sa | sá | tat | véḥ | júḥ | sí | saḥ | tá |
| acc. | ||||||||||
| gen. | ||||||||||
| dat. | ||||||||||
| abl.-loc. | ||||||||||
Adjectives
Verbs
Present system
Template:Col-2 Primary endings| Active | Passive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st | -ṃ | -va | -ma | -mé | -vadhé | -madhé |
| 2nd | -š | -ta | -te | -šé | -tahé | -dhvé |
| 3rd | -t | -ta | -nt | -té | -tahé | -nté |
Template:Col-2 Secondary endings
| Active | Passive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st | (vowel change) | -va | -ma | -nén | -vadhé | -madhé |
| 2nd | -ḥ | -ta | -te | -šé | -taha | -dhva |
| 3rd | -Ø | -ta | -n | -eta | -taha | -anta |
Athematic: dadháṃ, dadháš, dadhát,
Thematic o/e ablaut: bharti (to carry): (aha) bharaṃ, (tú) bharaš, (sa, sá, taḥ) bharet, (vevá) bharava, (juvá) bharata, (sá, sé, té) bharata, (véḥ) bharama, (júḥ) bharate, (sí, saḥ, tá) bharant
root: anešti (to get): anešmi, anešši, anešt, anešva, anešta, anešta, anešma, anešte, anešant
Root laryngeal verbs merge into one of the other categories
-eh₂ti: daráti (to gift): daráṃ, daráš, darát, daráva, daráta, daráta, daráma, daráte, daránt
-yéti, -yeti: džhaďhjeti (to pray, to request): džhaďhjeṃ, džhaďhješ, džhaďhjet, džhaďhjeva, džhaďhjeta, džhaďhjeta, džhaďhjema, džhaďhjete, džhaďhjent
-éyeti: hařejeti (to boil): hařejeṃ, hařeješ, hařejet, hařejeva, hařejeta, hařejeta, hařejema, hařejete, hařejent
bhúti (to be): asmi, aši, ast, asva, asta, asta, asma, aste, sant
Sample text
Schleicher's Fable
Avi ašvé-če