Niemish: Difference between revisions
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|fam4 = [[w:Gothic_language|Gothic]] | |fam4 = [[w:Gothic_language|Gothic]] | ||
|fam5 = [[Post-Gothic]] | |fam5 = [[Post-Gothic]] | ||
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin]] ([[Niemish# | |script = [[w:Latin script|Latin]] ([[Niemish#Alphabet and Pronunciation|Niemish alphabet]])<br />[[w:Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]] ([[Niemish#Cyrillic script|Niemish Cyrillic alphabet]], abolished) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| nation =Niemgard | | nation =Niemgard | ||
| notice = IPA | | notice = IPA | ||
|- | |- | ||
|iso3 = | |iso3 = qnm | ||
|brcl = grey | |brcl = grey | ||
}} | }} | ||
Niemish is an [[w:East_Germanic_languages|East Germanic language]] descended from [[w:Gothic_language|Gothic]], the oldest [[w:Germanic_languages|Germanic language]] with a sizeable text corpus. The name | Niemish (''[[Contionary:Nimsk|Nimsk]]'') is an [[w:East_Germanic_languages|East Germanic language]] descended from [[w:Gothic_language|Gothic]], the oldest [[w:Germanic_languages|Germanic language]] with a sizeable text corpus. The name originated from [[w:Proto-Slavic_language|Proto-Slavic]] ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/němьcь|*němĭcĭ]]'', an exonym given by speakers of [[w:Slavic_languages|Slavic languages]] to Germanic speakers. Niemish has undergone extensive influence by Slavic languages and is a member of the [[w:Balkan_sprachbund|Balkan sprachbund]], having such features as suffixed definite articles and deriving the future tense from present subjunctive. There is also considerable influence from languages such as [[w:Turkish_language|Turkish]], [[w:Hungarian_language|Hungarian]], [[w:Greek_language|Greek]], [[w:Latin_language|Latin]] and [[w:Romance_languages|Romance languages]]. | ||
==Scripts== | |||
===Alphabet and Pronunciation=== | |||
The Niemish alphabet consists of 33 letters. | |||
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center | |||
|+Niemish alphabet | |||
! colspan="33" |'''Majuscule forms (also called uppercase or capital letters)''' | |||
|- | |||
|A | |||
|Ą | |||
|Ä | |||
|Ą̈ | |||
|B | |||
|C* | |||
|D | |||
|E | |||
|Ę | |||
|F | |||
|G | |||
|H | |||
|I | |||
|Į | |||
|J | |||
|K | |||
|L | |||
|M | |||
|N | |||
|O | |||
|Ǫ | |||
|(Q) | |||
|P | |||
|R | |||
|S | |||
|T | |||
|U | |||
|Ų | |||
|(V) | |||
|W | |||
|X | |||
|Y | |||
|Z | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="33" |'''Minuscule forms (also called lowercase)''' | |||
|- | |||
|a | |||
|ą | |||
|ä | |||
|ą̈ | |||
|b | |||
|c* | |||
|d | |||
|e | |||
|ę | |||
|f | |||
|g | |||
|h | |||
|i | |||
|į | |||
|j | |||
|k | |||
|l | |||
|m | |||
|n | |||
|o | |||
|ǫ | |||
|(q) | |||
|p | |||
|r | |||
|s | |||
|t | |||
|u | |||
|ų | |||
|(v) | |||
|w | |||
|x | |||
|y | |||
|z | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="33" |IPA values | |||
|- | |||
|/a~aː/ | |||
|/ã~ãː/ | |||
|/ɛ̃~eː/ | |||
|/ɛ̃~ẽː/ | |||
|/b~bʲ/ | |||
|/k/ʦʲ/ | |||
|/d~dʲ/ | |||
|/ɛ̃~eː/ | |||
|/ɛ̃~ẽː/ | |||
|/f~fʲ/ | |||
|/g~gʲ/ | |||
|/h/ | |||
|/ɪ~iː/ | |||
|/ɪ̃~ĩː/ | |||
|/j/ | |||
|/k~kʲ/ | |||
|/l~lʲ/ | |||
|/m~mʲ/ | |||
|/n~nʲ/ | |||
|/ɔ~oː/ | |||
|/ɔ̃~õː/ | |||
|/(q)/ | |||
|/p~pʲ/ | |||
|/ɾ~ɾʲ/ | |||
|/s~sʲ/ | |||
|/t~tʲ/ | |||
|/ʊ~uː/ | |||
|/ʊ̃~ũː/ | |||
|/v~vʲ/ | |||
|/w~vʲ/ | |||
|/ks/ | |||
|/ɨ~ɨː/ | |||
|/z~zʲ/ | |||
|} | |||
The acute and grave accent can respectively mark stressed short vowels and stressed long vowels (or diphthongs). However, these are generally not used except in dictionaries for clarity. In addition, Niemish orthography uses five digraphs ⟨Ch, Cz, Ph, Sz, Th⟩ and two trigraphs ⟨Dsz, Zsz⟩; these function as sequences of two letters for collation purposes. The letters ⟨C⟩ (outside the digraphs ⟨Ch, Cz⟩), ⟨Q⟩ and ⟨V⟩ (and the non-palatalised phonetic value of ⟨V⟩) only appear in loanwords, as do the digraphs ⟨Ph, Th⟩ and the trigraph ⟨Dsz⟩. | |||
===Orthography=== | |||
===Cyrillic script=== | |||