Glommish: Difference between revisions

{{PAGENAME}} phonology is characterized by pairs of hard and soft consonants.

===Consonants===

|-

!rowspan="2" colspan="2"|  

There are five phonemic vowel qualities with length. '''y y''' can be considered non-palatalizing allophones of '''i í'''.

! rowspan="2" style="width: 90px; "|

! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Front

{{PAGENAME}} uses the indefinite article ''a'' and the definite article ''þe''.

|+ '''Definite article'''

! rowspan=2 | case || colspan=2 | singular || rowspan="2" | plural  

|+ '''Indefinite article'''

! rowspan=2 | case || colspan=2 | singular

|+ ''þiz'' 'this'

! rowspan=2 | case || colspan=2 | singular || rowspan="2" | plural  

====Masculine consonant nouns====

! colspan="3" | ''vulf'' (m.) 'wolf'

|-

! colspan="3" | ''bazь'' (m.) 'berry'

|-

! colspan="3" | ''sun'' (m.) 'son'

|-

====n-stems====

Declined like attributive adjectives. These nouns are masculine, except for nominalized feminine adjectives.

! colspan="3" | ''name'' (m.) 'name'

|-

====Feminine nouns====

Nouns of this declension type are always feminine in modern {{PAGENAME}}. Nouns with certain suffixes like ''-eng'' (deverbal noun) or ''-hyd'' (abstract noun) and loanwords that were feminine in the source language also belong in this class.

! colspan="3" | ''naze'' (f.) 'nose'

|-

! colspan="3" | ''miark'' (f.) 'girl'

|-

! colspan="3" | ''óre'' (f.) 'clock'

|-

! colspan="3" | ''sundie'' (f.) 'vice'

|-

! colspan="3" | ''starcze'' (f.) 'strength, starch'

|-

! colspan="3" | ''útriakneng'' (f.) 'bottom line, result'

|-

! colspan="3" | ''hond'' (f.) 'hand'

|-

====Grab bag====

! colspan="3" | ''mán'' (m.) 'man'

|-

! colspan="3" | r-stem: ''fadier'' (m.) 'father'

|-

Also: ''bráþier'' 'brother'.

! colspan="3" | r-stem: ''mádier'' (f.) 'mother'

|-

For attributive adjectives, the following declension is used regardless of gender or definiteness (the following is the declension of ''hóch'' 'high, tall'):

|+ '''Attributive declension for hard-stem adjectives'''

! case || singular || plural  

Soft-stem adjectives such as ''skónь'' 'beautiful' are declined similarly.

|+ '''Attributive declension for soft-stem adjectives'''

! case || singular || plural  

There are a few irregular adjectives, which are listed in the table below.

! Meaning

! Positive

The neuter pronoun ''et'' survives as a dummy pronoun: ''þídech riagnedь et'' 'Today it rained'.

! rowspan=2 | case || rowspan=2 | 1sg. || rowspan=2 | 2sg. (familiar) || colspan=2 | 3sg. || rowspan=2 | 1pl. || rowspan=2 | 2pl. || rowspan="2" | 3pl. || rowspan="2" | reflexive || rowspan="2" | impersonal || rowspan="2" | interrogative

|-

Possessive pronouns in predicative position are the masculine nominative form of the pronoun: ''Þe siag isь unsier!'' 'Victory is ours!'

|+ '''Possessive pronouns'''

! rowspan=2 | case || colspan=2 | singular || rowspan="2" | plural  

For the past dental suffix ''-ti-'' is added if the stem ends in a voiceless consonant (other than ''t(i)'' or ''d(i)''); ''-edi-'' is added if the stem ends in a ''t(i)'' or ''d(i)'' or a hard consonant other than ''k, g, ch''; ''-di-'' is added otherwise. Past participles are similar, with ''-d'' or ''-t''.

=====Hard weak=====

|+ '''''lióven'' 'to love''''

! tense || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí''  

=====Soft weak=====

|+ '''''varmien'' 'to warm''''

! tense || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí''  

Broad/slender messed up strong verbs a bit.

=====Strong class 1=====

|+ '''''bíten'' 'to bite''''

! tense || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí''  

=====Strong class 2=====

|+ '''''czúzen'' 'to choose''''

! tense || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí''  

=====Strong class 3=====

|+ '''''binden'' 'to tie, to bind''''

! tense || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí''  

In {{PAGENAME}}, Proto-Germanic class 3b strong verbs have merged with class 4 strong verbs.

|+ '''''biaren'' 'to carry''''

! tense || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí''  

=====Strong class 5=====

Strong class 5 merges completely with strong class 6. The only difference is the softness of the initial consonant.

|+ '''''żaven'' 'to give''''

! tense || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí''  

=====Strong class 6=====

|+ '''''graven'' 'to dig''''

! tense || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí''  

biegrán, biegry, biegrán - to become

===== Other strongs =====

|+ '''''ónen'' 'to like an inanimate object (same syntax as German ''gefallen'')' '''

! tense || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí''  

====Preterite-present verbs====

=====''viten'' 'to know'=====

|+ '''''viten'' 'to know''''

! tense || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí''  

=====''kónen'' 'can, be able to'=====

|+ '''''kónen'' 'can''''

! tense || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí''  

=====''þurven'' 'to have to'=====

|+ '''''þurven'' 'to have to' '''

! Tempus || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí''  

=====''dóren'' 'dare'=====

|+ '''''dóren'' 'dare''''

! tense || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí''  

=====''mogen'' 'may, have a possibility of'=====

|+ '''''mogen'' 'have a possibility of''''

! tense || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí''  

=====''máten'' 'be permitted to'=====

|+ '''''máten'' 'be permitted to''''

! tense || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí''  

|}

=====''vín'' 'want'=====

|+ '''''vín'' 'want''''

! tense || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí''  

====Other irregular verbs====

=====''bión'' 'be'=====

|+ '''''bión'' 'to be''''

! tense || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí''  

=====''dán'' 'do'=====

|+ '''''dán'' 'to do''''

! tense || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí''  

=====''gán'' 'go, (future tense auxiliary)'=====

|+ '''''gán'' 'to go, (future tense auxiliary)''''

! tense || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí''