Verse:Irta/Judeo-Mandarin: Difference between revisions

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emphatic suffixes: -șă -să -șăn -șă -yă -șă -săn

==== Possessive pronouns ====

For possession, the ''ăn levăr agum'' ('my book', lit. 'the book at me') construction is standard for most nouns except family members and body parts where possessive prefixes are used (cf. Revived Hebrew also usually uses הספר שלי ''ha-sefer šeli'' instead of ספרי ''sifri''); these nouns cannot take a definite article and must take a possessive prefix when definite. Possessive prefixes are considered ''Learăgüsiș'' for ~~most~~ nouns.

For possession, the ''ăn levăr agum'' ('my book', lit. 'the book at me') construction is standard for most nouns except family members and body parts where possessive prefixes are used (cf. Revived Hebrew also usually uses הספר שלי ''ha-sefer šeli'' instead of ספרי ''sifri''); these nouns cannot take a definite article and must take a possessive prefix when definite.

Using possessive prefixes in double-marking possessive constructions such as בא אהרן אַ-בראָהר' אַק משה ''Vă Ăharăn '''a-bhrohăŗ ag Mușă'''.'' 'Aaron was Moses' brother' (lit. his brother of Moses) is used for nouns where possessive suffixes are still used. Possessive prefixes are considered ''Learăgüsiș'' for other nouns.

*מאָ־בּֿראָהער' ''mă-bhrohăŗ'' /mə vrohəɹ/ 'my brother'; מ־אַר' ''m-aŗ'' /mahəɹ/ 'my father'

*דאָ־בּֿראָהער' ''dă-bhrohăŗ'' /də vrohəɹ/ 'thy brother'; ד־אַר' ''d-aŗ'' /dahəɹ/ 'thy father'

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*אַ־בּראָהער' ''a-brohăŗ'' /ə brohəɹ/ 'their brother'; אַן־אַר' ''an-aŗ'' /ən ahəɹ/ 'their father'

''m-'' and ''d-'' are used before a vowel, ~~a /j/~~ or ~~when~~ a lenited ''f'' results in an initial vowel ~~or /j/: ףיאל ''fyol'' /fjol/ 'meat'; מ־ףֿיאל ''m-fhyol'' /mjol/ 'my meat'~~.

''m-'' and ''d-'' are used before a vowel, or a lenited ''f'' results in an initial vowel.

A possessive prefix must be used before every noun: 'my mother and my father' is מאָ־מֿאָהער איס מ־אַהער ''mă-mhohăŗ îs m-ahăŗ'', not ''*mă-mohăŗ îs ahăŗ''.

Using possessive prefixes in double-marking possessive constructions such as בא אהרן אַ-בראָהר' אַק משה ''Vă Ăharăn '''a-bhrohăŗ ag Mușă'''.'' 'Aaron was Moses' brother' (lit. his brother of Moses) is still common for nouns where possessive suffixes are still used.

===Prepositions===

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 emphatic suffixes: -șă -să -șăn -șă -yă -șă -săn
 ==== Possessive pronouns ====
-For possession, the ''ăn levăr agum'' ('my book', lit. 'the book at me') construction is standard for most nouns except family members and body parts where possessive prefixes are used (cf. Revived Hebrew also usually uses הספר שלי ''ha-sefer šeli'' instead of ספרי ''sifri''); these nouns cannot take a definite article and must take a possessive prefix when definite. Possessive prefixes are considered ''Learăgüsiș'' for most nouns.
+For possession, the ''ăn levăr agum'' ('my book', lit. 'the book at me') construction is standard for most nouns except family members and body parts where possessive prefixes are used (cf. Revived Hebrew also usually uses הספר שלי ''ha-sefer šeli'' instead of ספרי ''sifri''); these nouns cannot take a definite article and must take a possessive prefix when definite.
+Using possessive prefixes in double-marking possessive constructions such as בא אהרן אַ-בראָהר' אַק משה ''Vă Ăharăn '''a-bhrohăŗ ag Mușă'''.'' 'Aaron was Moses' brother' (lit. his brother of Moses) is used for nouns where possessive suffixes are still used. Possessive prefixes are considered ''Learăgüsiș'' for other nouns.
 *מאָ־בּֿראָהער' ''mă-bhrohăŗ'' /mə vrohəɹ/ 'my brother'; מ־אַר' ''m-aŗ'' /mahəɹ/ 'my father'
 *דאָ־בּֿראָהער' ''dă-bhrohăŗ'' /də vrohəɹ/ 'thy brother'; ד־אַר' ''d-aŗ'' /dahəɹ/ 'thy father'
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 *אַ־בּראָהער' ''a-brohăŗ'' /ə brohəɹ/ 'their brother'; אַן־אַר' ''an-aŗ'' /ən ahəɹ/ 'their father'
-''m-'' and ''d-'' are used before a vowel, a /j/ or when a lenited ''f'' results in an initial vowel or /j/: ףיאל ''fyol'' /fjol/ 'meat'; מ־ףֿיאל ''m-fhyol''  /mjol/ 'my meat'.
+''m-'' and ''d-'' are used before a vowel, or a lenited ''f'' results in an initial vowel.
 A possessive prefix must be used before every noun: 'my mother and my father' is מאָ־מֿאָהער איס מ־אַהער ''mă-mhohăŗ îs m-ahăŗ'', not ''*mă-mohăŗ îs ahăŗ''.
-Using possessive prefixes in double-marking possessive constructions such as בא אהרן אַ-בראָהר' אַק משה ''Vă Ăharăn '''a-bhrohăŗ ag Mușă'''.'' 'Aaron was Moses' brother' (lit. his brother of Moses) is still common for nouns where possessive suffixes are still used.
 ===Prepositions===