Verse:Tdūrzů/Hebrew: Difference between revisions

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The standard variety today is Corded Ware Hebrew with an Ăn Yidiș-influenced accent and grammar. It is SVO like our Hebrew, but sometimes prefers Ăn Yidiș syntax, e.g.

* much more willing to use איני, אינך, ...for negation in present tense (אין הוא, אין היא in 3rd person); in our IH these forms are formal/written (bc Gaelic negation comes before subject pronouns). לא אני... ''Lu ani'' is a focus construction 'It's not me that...', and אין אני ''eyn ani'' in non 3rd person are solemn.

* לא אלא ''lu elo'', לא כי-אם ''lu ki-im'' or colloquially לא אך ''lu akh'' (latter from native Gaelic ''ach'') 'nothing but' used preferentially to רק ''~~rag~~'' 'only'

* לא אלא ''lu elo'', לא כי-אם ''lu ki-im'' or colloquially לא אך ''lu akh'' (latter from native Gaelic ''ach'') 'nothing but' used preferentially to רק ''rak'' 'only'

** (colloquial) אני לא/איני אך מורה. 'I'm just a teacher'

** (formal) איני אלא/כי אם מורה.

* in some expressions for feelings and modals.

** רצון לי ''~~rotsun~~ li'' 'I like' (''tel lum'')

** רצון לי ''ratzon li'' 'I like' (''tel lum'')

** אפשר לי ''~~efshar~~ li'' 'I can' (''efșăr lum'')

** אפשר לי ''efšar li'' 'I can' (''efșăr lum'')

* Colloquially adjunct pronouns tend to be a bit further from their heads (separated by a direct object or the subject), e.g. יש חלום לי ''yeaș halum li'' 'I have a dream', הוא נתן חלום לי ''~~hü nosan halum~~ li'' 'he gave me a dream' rather than the more formal יש לי חלום ''~~yeaș~~ li ~~halum~~'' and הוא נתן לי חלום ''~~hü nosan~~ li ~~halum~~''.

* Colloquially adjunct pronouns tend to be a bit further from their heads (separated by a direct object or the subject), e.g. יש חלום לי ''yeaș halum li'' 'I have a dream', הוא נתן חלום לי ''hu naþan xalom li'' 'he gave me a dream' rather than the more formal יש לי חלום ''yeš li xalom'' and הוא נתן לי חלום ''hu naþan li xalom''.

* colloquial, often proscribed: ''shel'' (influenced by Ăn Yidiș ''ag'') might replace ''l-'' in existential constructions: יש ספר שלי ''~~yeaș seafer șeli~~'' (but ''*yeaș șeli seafer'' is never grammatical). For less common verbs or predicates, this tendency is more pronounced even in formal speech.

* colloquial, often proscribed: ''shel'' (influenced by Ăn Yidiș ''ag'') might replace ''l-'' in existential constructions: יש ספר שלי ''yeš sefer šeli'' (but ''*yeaș șeli seafer'' is never grammatical). For less common verbs or predicates, this tendency is more pronounced even in formal speech.

* 'I have the book' is יש לי הספר ''~~yeaș~~ li ha-~~seafer~~'' (colloq. ''~~yeaș~~ ha-sefer (șe)li''), NOT יש לי את הספר ''~~yeaș~~ li es ha-~~seafer~~'' as in our Modern Hebrew.

* 'I have the book' is יש לי הספר ''yeš li ha-sefer'' (colloq. ''yeš ha-sefer (še)li''), NOT יש לי את הספר ''yeš li eþ ha-sefer'' as in our Modern Hebrew.

* Question particles (''ha2im'' if before subject, ''ha-'' if before verb or predicate) are usually retained. Questions don't have a different intonation from declarative sentences. Question marks are not usually used.

* It also prefers some coincidentally Gaelic-sounding words, e.g. אַךְ ''ach'' 'but' and שָׂשׂ ''~~sos~~'' 'happy' (sounding like Judeo-Gaelic ''ach'' 'but' and ''sostă'' 'satisfied') instead of the synonyms אֲבָל ''~~avol~~'' and שָׂמֵחַ ''~~someach~~''.

* It also prefers some coincidentally Gaelic-sounding words, e.g. אַךְ ''ach'' 'but' and שָׂשׂ ''sas'' 'happy' (sounding like Judeo-Gaelic ''ach'' 'but' and ''sostă'' 'satisfied') instead of the synonyms אֲבָל ''aval'' and שָׂמֵחַ ''sameach''.

* אם ''im'' vs לו ''lü'' are kept distinct even colloquially

* for "it's X", "hu/hi X" preferred over "ze/zo X"

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** הוא יהיה אוכל Bey ș'ăg îth

** הוא יאכל Bey șe ney îth

* "please" is עם רצונך ''im rătzonkha''.

Present-day Hebrew has 8 million speakers, the second largest Jewish language after [[Ăn Yidiș]].

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 The standard variety today is Corded Ware Hebrew with an Ăn Yidiș-influenced accent and grammar. It is SVO like our Hebrew, but sometimes prefers Ăn Yidiș syntax, e.g.
 * much more willing to use איני, אינך, ...for negation in present tense (אין הוא, אין היא in 3rd person); in our IH these forms are formal/written (bc Gaelic negation comes before subject pronouns). לא אני... ''Lu ani'' is a focus construction 'It's not me that...', and אין אני ''eyn ani'' in non  3rd person are solemn.
-* לא אלא ''lu elo'', לא כי-אם ''lu ki-im'' or colloquially לא אך ''lu akh'' (latter from native Gaelic ''ach'') 'nothing but' used preferentially to רק ''rag'' 'only'
+* לא אלא ''lu elo'', לא כי-אם ''lu ki-im'' or colloquially לא אך ''lu akh'' (latter from native Gaelic ''ach'') 'nothing but' used preferentially to רק ''rak'' 'only'
 ** (colloquial) אני לא/איני אך מורה. 'I'm just a teacher'
 ** (formal) איני אלא/כי אם מורה.
 * in some expressions for feelings and modals.
-** רצון לי ''rotsun li'' 'I like' (''tel lum'')
+** רצון לי ''ratzon li'' 'I like' (''tel lum'')
-** אפשר לי ''efshar li'' 'I can' (''efșăr lum'')
+** אפשר לי ''efšar li'' 'I can' (''efșăr lum'')
-* Colloquially adjunct pronouns tend to be a bit further from their heads (separated by a direct object or the subject), e.g. יש חלום לי ''yeaș halum li'' 'I have a dream', הוא נתן חלום לי ''hü nosan halum li'' 'he gave me a dream' rather than the more formal יש לי חלום ''yeaș li halum'' and הוא נתן לי חלום ''hü nosan li halum''.
+* Colloquially adjunct pronouns tend to be a bit further from their heads (separated by a direct object or the subject), e.g. יש חלום לי ''yeaș halum li'' 'I have a dream', הוא נתן חלום לי ''hu naþan xalom li'' 'he gave me a dream' rather than the more formal יש לי חלום ''yeš li xalom'' and הוא נתן לי חלום ''hu naþan li xalom''.
-* colloquial, often proscribed: ''shel'' (influenced by Ăn Yidiș ''ag'') might replace ''l-'' in existential constructions: יש ספר שלי ''yeaș seafer șeli'' (but ''*yeaș șeli seafer'' is never grammatical). For less common verbs or predicates, this tendency is more pronounced even in formal speech.
+* colloquial, often proscribed: ''shel'' (influenced by Ăn Yidiș ''ag'') might replace ''l-'' in existential constructions: יש ספר שלי ''yeš sefer šeli'' (but ''*yeaș șeli seafer'' is never grammatical). For less common verbs or predicates, this tendency is more pronounced even in formal speech.
-* 'I have the book' is יש לי הספר ''yeaș li ha-seafer'' (colloq. ''yeaș ha-sefer (șe)li''), NOT יש לי את הספר ''yeaș li es ha-seafer'' as in our Modern Hebrew.
+* 'I have the book' is יש לי הספר ''yeš li ha-sefer'' (colloq. ''yeš ha-sefer (še)li''), NOT יש לי את הספר ''yeš li eþ ha-sefer'' as in our Modern Hebrew.
 * Question particles (''ha2im'' if before subject, ''ha-'' if before verb or predicate) are usually retained. Questions don't have a different intonation from declarative sentences. Question marks are not usually used.
-* It also prefers some coincidentally Gaelic-sounding words, e.g. אַךְ ''ach'' 'but' and שָׂשׂ ''sos'' 'happy' (sounding like Judeo-Gaelic ''ach'' 'but' and ''sostă'' 'satisfied') instead of the synonyms אֲבָל ''avol'' and שָׂמֵחַ ''someach''.
+* It also prefers some coincidentally Gaelic-sounding words, e.g. אַךְ ''ach'' 'but' and שָׂשׂ ''sas'' 'happy' (sounding like Judeo-Gaelic ''ach'' 'but' and ''sostă'' 'satisfied') instead of the synonyms אֲבָל ''aval'' and שָׂמֵחַ ''sameach''.
 * אם ''im'' vs לו ''lü'' are kept distinct even colloquially
 * for "it's X", "hu/hi X" preferred over "ze/zo X"
@@ Line 22: / Line 22: @@
 ** הוא יהיה אוכל Bey ș'ăg îth
 ** הוא יאכל Bey șe ney îth
+* "please" is עם רצונך ''im rătzonkha''.
 Present-day Hebrew has 8 million speakers, the second largest Jewish language after [[Ăn Yidiș]].