Verse:Irta/Judeo-Mandarin: Difference between revisions
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'''Ăn Yidiș''' or '''Judeo-Gaelic''' (natively אן ייִדיִש ''ăn Yidiș'' /ən 'jitiʃ/ [ən 'jidiʃ], א | '''Ăn Yidiș''' or '''Judeo-Gaelic''' (natively אן ייִדיִש ''ăn Yidiș'' /ən 'jitiʃ/ [ən 'jidiʃ], א קֿאילז׳א (קיניִ) ''ă Ghăylģă (gîni)'' /ə 'ɣəjldʒə (gɨni)/ '(our) native language' or אן לשון-°מאָר' ''ăn loșăn-mhoř'' 'the mother language'; in-universe Hebrew: יידיש ''yidiš''; in-universe Standard Irish: ''Gaelainn na nGiúdach'' or ''an Ghiodais'') is the main vernacular of most major Jewish communities in Europe, the British Isles, Canada, the US, and Japan, in-universe called "Gaelic Jews" (''nă Yidîth Gelîth'') or "Ashkenazi Jews" (''nă hAșcănazîth''). With over 9 million speakers (most of them in North America), it is the most spoken Goidelic language in [[Verse:Apple PIE]]. It evolved from a [[Ăn Yidiș/Proto-Ăn Yidiș|Middle Irish dialect that migrated to Brittany]]. Ăn Yidiș is a possible answer to "What if Yiddish were Goidelic?" and is called "Yiddish" in in-universe English. | ||
On top of the inherited Gaelic vocabulary, it mainly borrows words from Hebrew and Talmudic Aramaic, but also from [[Azalic]], [[Galoyseg]], [[Thurish]], and [[Nithish]]. It is the Jewish language with the largest number of native speakers in Apple PIE. Among Judeo-Gaelic speakers, Hebrew (read with the Gaelic Hebrew pronunciation) and English are common second languages; Hebrew and Aramaic knowledge is required for Orthodox Jewish men. | On top of the inherited Gaelic vocabulary, it mainly borrows words from Hebrew and Talmudic Aramaic, but also from [[Azalic]], [[Galoyseg]], [[Thurish]], and [[Nithish]]. It is the Jewish language with the largest number of native speakers in Apple PIE. Among Judeo-Gaelic speakers, Hebrew (read with the Gaelic Hebrew pronunciation) and English are common second languages; Hebrew and Aramaic knowledge is required for Orthodox Jewish men. | ||
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==Todo== | ==Todo== | ||
Change | Change ז׳ to ז׳ for ģ | ||
Hebrew m-, s-, ș- words should be masculine? Or just get rid of gender, șe/și/șîn, make mutation lexical like Eevo? | Hebrew m-, s-, ș- words should be masculine? Or just get rid of gender, șe/și/șîn, make mutation lexical like Eevo? | ||
(Modern Secular ĂnY) A minimal set: ''fer'' [fɛɻ] 'man', ''fear'' [feːɻ~feəɻ] 'grass', ''fier'' [fiəɻ] 'to bend', ''fir'' [fɪɻ] 'very', ''fuar'' [fʊəɻ] 'cold' | (Modern Secular ĂnY) A minimal set: ''fer'' [fɛɻ] 'man', ''fear'' [feːɻ~feəɻ] 'grass', ''fier'' [fiəɻ] 'to bend', ''fir'' [fɪɻ] 'very', ''fuar'' [fʊəɻ] 'cold' | ||
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Masculine nouns: Nouns beginning with a vowel take אנט ''ănd'', before a labial except /f v/ אם ''ăm'', before a historical liquid (''r ř l ł'') א ''ă'', otherwise אן ''ăn'' | Masculine nouns: Nouns beginning with a vowel take אנט ''ănd'', before a labial except /f v/ אם ''ăm'', before a historical liquid (''r ř l ł'') א ''ă'', otherwise אן ''ăn'' | ||
*אנט | *אנט אישז׳א ''ănd îșģă'' = the water | ||
*אם בּיא ''ăm bia'' = the food | *אם בּיא ''ăm bia'' = the food | ||
*א ל'אַח ''ă łath'' = the day | *א ל'אַח ''ă łath'' = the day | ||
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emphatic suffixes for prepositions with pronominal suffixes: -să -să -șăn -șă -șă -șă -săn: e.g. for ''ăģ'' 'of, at' we have ''gumsă, gădsă, ģeșăn, çișă, gînișă, gîvșă, cusăn'' | emphatic suffixes for prepositions with pronominal suffixes: -să -să -șăn -șă -șă -șă -săn: e.g. for ''ăģ'' 'of, at' we have ''gumsă, gădsă, ģeșăn, çișă, gînișă, gîvșă, cusăn'' | ||
The most common way to emphasize a pronoun is to use ''feyn'' after it (e.g. מיִשא ףעין ''mișă feyn'' 'I myself', אן קיום ףעין | The most common way to emphasize a pronoun is to use ''feyn'' after it (e.g. מיִשא ףעין ''mișă feyn'' 'I myself', אן קיום ףעין ז׳ע ''ăn giyăm feyn ģe'' 'his very existence'). | ||
==== Possessive pronouns ==== | ==== Possessive pronouns ==== | ||
For possession, the ''ăn levăr gum'' ('my book', lit. 'the book at me') construction is standard for most nouns except family members and body parts where possessive prefixes are used (cf. Revived Hebrew also usually uses הספר שלי ''ha-sefer šeli'' instead of ספרי ''sifri''); these nouns cannot take a definite article and must take a possessive prefix when definite. | For possession, the ''ăn levăr gum'' ('my book', lit. 'the book at me') construction is standard for most nouns except family members and body parts where possessive prefixes are used (cf. Revived Hebrew also usually uses הספר שלי ''ha-sefer šeli'' instead of ספרי ''sifri''); these nouns cannot take a definite article and must take a possessive prefix when definite. | ||
Double-marking possessive constructions such as בֿא אהרן אַ-דֿר׳אָר | Double-marking possessive constructions such as בֿא אהרן אַ-דֿר׳אָר אז׳ משה ''Vă Ăharăn '''a-dhŗor ăģ Mușă'''.'' 'Aaron was Moses' brother' (lit. his brother of Moses) is used for nouns where possessive suffixes are still used. Possessive prefixes are considered ''Learăgüsiș'' for other nouns. | ||
*מאָ־בּֿראָהער' ''mă-bhrohăŗ'' /mə vrohəɹ/ 'my brother'; מ־אַר' ''m-aŗ'' /mahəɹ/ 'my father' | *מאָ־בּֿראָהער' ''mă-bhrohăŗ'' /mə vrohəɹ/ 'my brother'; מ־אַר' ''m-aŗ'' /mahəɹ/ 'my father' | ||
*דאָ־בּֿראָהער' ''dă-bhrohăŗ'' /də vrohəɹ/ 'thy brother'; ד־אַר' ''d-aŗ'' /dahəɹ/ 'thy father' | *דאָ־בּֿראָהער' ''dă-bhrohăŗ'' /də vrohəɹ/ 'thy brother'; ד־אַר' ''d-aŗ'' /dahəɹ/ 'thy father' | ||
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*"PRON is a NOUN": איש כּלה'ק מע ''Îș calăg me'' = I'm a woman | *"PRON is a NOUN": איש כּלה'ק מע ''Îș calăg me'' = I'm a woman | ||
*"X is a NOUN": איש כּלה'ק אי רבקה ''Îș calăg i Rîvgă'' = Rîvgă (Rebekah) is a woman | *"X is a NOUN": איש כּלה'ק אי רבקה ''Îș calăg i Rîvgă'' = Rîvgă (Rebekah) is a woman | ||
*"1p/2p is the NOUN": מישא אַ מֿענין | *"1p/2p is the NOUN": מישא אַ מֿענין אז׳ משה ''Mișă ă mhenîn ăģ Mușă'' = I am Mușă's (Moses') wife | ||
*"3p is the NOUN": שי אַ מֿענין אגּ משה אי ''Și ă mhenîn ăģ Mușă i'' = She is Mușă's wife | *"3p is the NOUN": שי אַ מֿענין אגּ משה אי ''Și ă mhenîn ăģ Mușă i'' = She is Mușă's wife | ||
**שי אַ מֿענין | **שי אַ מֿענין אז׳ משה אי רבקה ''Și _ă mhenîn ăģ Mușă_ î _Rîvgă_'' (or ''Și _Rîvgă_ i _ă mhenîn ăģ Mușă_'') = Rîvgă is Mușă's wife | ||
*Predicate adjectives or adjuncts use the verb בּי ''bi'': | *Predicate adjectives or adjuncts use the verb בּי ''bi'': | ||
**תּאָ רבקה אָרט ''To Rîvgă ord'' 'Rîvgă is tall' | **תּאָ רבקה אָרט ''To Rîvgă ord'' 'Rîvgă is tall' | ||
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*כאַן איל מ' א טיקשינץ ''Chan îl m' ă ticșinț'' = I don't understand | *כאַן איל מ' א טיקשינץ ''Chan îl m' ă ticșinț'' = I don't understand | ||
*בּריִן נאס מעלא, ר'י דא־טֿעל = ''Ă brin nis melă, ŗî dă-thel/văr-tel'' = Please speak more slowly | *בּריִן נאס מעלא, ר'י דא־טֿעל = ''Ă brin nis melă, ŗî dă-thel/văr-tel'' = Please speak more slowly | ||
*קא' מא- | *קא' מא-לעשז׳על' ''Ga' mă-leșģeł'' = Excuse me | ||
*טאָ איאַר'י אַקום א ל'אַבערץ אס יידיש, אך כאַן אפשר לום. ''To ieŗi agum ă brin ăs Yidiș, ăch chan efșăr lum.'' = I want to speak Ăn Yidiș, but I cannot. | *טאָ איאַר'י אַקום א ל'אַבערץ אס יידיש, אך כאַן אפשר לום. ''To ieŗi agum ă brin ăs Yidiș, ăch chan efșăr lum.'' = I want to speak Ăn Yidiș, but I cannot. | ||
*בּליאן מֿאַח בֿיאָניצא ''Blien mhath bhyoniță'' /bliən vah vjonitsə/ = Happy new year (Rosh Hashanah greeting) | *בּליאן מֿאַח בֿיאָניצא ''Blien mhath bhyoniță'' /bliən vah vjonitsə/ = Happy new year (Rosh Hashanah greeting) | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! 1:2 | ! 1:2 | ||
|| {{Hebpara|בֿ' אן תּאַל׳ קאַן ףֿעראמאָל איס ףאָל׳אב, איס בֿא טאכאטוּס א כּוֹטאך אן תּהוֹם, איס בֿ' אן שבּיראט אק זיא א סנאָב | || {{Hebpara|בֿ' אן תּאַל׳ קאַן ףֿעראמאָל איס ףאָל׳אב, איס בֿא טאכאטוּס א כּוֹטאך אן תּהוֹם, איס בֿ' אן שבּיראט אק זיא א סנאָב אשז׳יאן נא ח-אישז׳אן —}} | ||
||''v' ăn tał gan fherămol îs fołăv, îs vă dăchădüs ă cudăch ăn tăhum, îs v' ăn șbîrăd ăg Zie ă snov ășģien nă h-îșģăn —'' | ||''v' ăn tał gan fherămol îs fołăv, îs vă dăchădüs ă cudăch ăn tăhum, îs v' ăn șbîrăd ăg Zie ă snov ășģien nă h-îșģăn —'' | ||
|| [v‿ən tʰaw gan ˈerəmol ɨs ˈfowəv, ɨs və ˈtəχədys ə ˈkʰudəχ ən ˈtʰəhum, ɨs v‿ən ˈʃpɨrəd ətʃ tsiə ə snov əʃˈtʃiən nə ˈhɨʃtʃən] | || [v‿ən tʰaw gan ˈerəmol ɨs ˈfowəv, ɨs və ˈtəχədys ə ˈkʰudəχ ən ˈtʰəhum, ɨs v‿ən ˈʃpɨrəd ətʃ tsiə ə snov əʃˈtʃiən nə ˈhɨʃtʃən] | ||
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{{Hebpara|כֿאַניְל מעֶ נִכְֿנָע לעֶש אְן נעִילָה | {{Hebpara|כֿאַניְל מעֶ נִכְֿנָע לעֶש אְן נעִילָה אְז׳ כּראְיין אְז׳ קֿראָ סזעֶך איְנש אְן תּאַל׳ אְק נאְ קְבָֿרוֹת.}} | ||
{{Hebpara|תּאָ שעֶ מאְר שוֹ איְס בּעֶיי שעֶ מאְר שוֹ, מאְר בֿאְ שעֶ מאְר שוֹ, אוֹ זְמָנִים רוֹ כֿיְבֿנאְ;}} | {{Hebpara|תּאָ שעֶ מאְר שוֹ איְס בּעֶיי שעֶ מאְר שוֹ, מאְר בֿאְ שעֶ מאְר שוֹ, אוֹ זְמָנִים רוֹ כֿיְבֿנאְ;}} | ||
{{Hebpara|תּאָ שיִאט איְן אְ ףאַל׳אב איְסצעֶך איְנש אְן טאָל׳אְס, נאְ סאְיאְן ח־עֶקניִם איְס ח־אל׳אְ. ר׳יְ כְּתָֿרִוֹת}} | {{Hebpara|תּאָ שיִאט איְן אְ ףאַל׳אב איְסצעֶך איְנש אְן טאָל׳אְס, נאְ סאְיאְן ח־עֶקניִם איְס ח־אל׳אְ. ר׳יְ כְּתָֿרִוֹת}} | ||