Verse:Irta/Judeo-Mandarin: Difference between revisions
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The following describes the (somewhat artificial) standard, often called ''ăn Căyzon'', promoted by the Research Institute for Ăn Yidiș (אנט איִנסטיִתּוֹט ףיסיִףטאך טאן ייִדיִש ''ănd Insditud Fîsifdăch dăn Yidiș''; abbreviated to איִףטיִ/IFDY /ifti/). | The following describes the (somewhat artificial) standard, often called ''ăn Căyzon'', promoted by the Research Institute for Ăn Yidiș (אנט איִנסטיִתּוֹט ףיסיִףטאך טאן ייִדיִש ''ănd Insditud Fîsifdăch dăn Yidiș''; abbreviated to איִףטיִ/IFDY /ifti/). | ||
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center" | |||
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|+'''Consonant phonemes''' | |||
!rowspan="2" colspan="2"| | |||
!rowspan="2" | Labial | |||
!colspan="2" | Dental/Alveolar | |||
!rowspan="2" | Palatal | |||
!rowspan="2" | Velar | |||
!rowspan="2" | Glottal | |||
|- | |||
! <small>plain</small> | |||
! <small>affr.</small> | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="2"| Nasal | |||
| '''m''' {{IPA|m}} | |||
| '''n''' {{IPA|n̪}} || | |||
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!rowspan="2" | Stop<br/>/Affricate | |||
!<small>tenuis</small> | |||
| '''b''' {{IPA|p}} | |||
| '''d''' {{IPA|t̪}} || '''z''' {{IPA|t̪s}} | |||
| '''ģ''' {{IPA|tʃ}} | |||
| '''g''' {{IPA|k}} | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
!<small>aspirated</small> | |||
| '''p''' {{IPA|pʰ}} | |||
| '''t''' {{IPA|t̪ʰ}} || '''ț''' {{IPA|tsʰ}} | |||
| '''c̦''' {{IPA|tʃʰ}} | |||
| '''c''' {{IPA|kʰ}} | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|Fricative | |||
! | |||
| '''f, ph''' {{IPA|f}} | |||
| '''s''' {{IPA|s}} || | |||
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| '''ș, c̦h''' {{IPA|ʃ}} | |||
| '''ch''' {{IPA|χ}} | |||
| '''h, th, sh, țh''' {{IPA|h}} | |||
|- | |||
! | |||
| '''v, bh''' {{IPA|v}} | |||
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| '''r̦''' {{IPA|ʒ}} | |||
| '''gh, dh''' {{IPA|ɣ}} | |||
| '''h''' {{IPA|h}} | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan=2| Approximant | |||
!<small>central</small> | |||
| '''ł''' {{IPA|w}} | |||
| '''r''' {{IPA|r}} | |||
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| '''y, zh, ģh''' {{IPA|j}} | |||
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!<small>lateral</small> | |||
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| '''l''' {{IPA|l}} | |||
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*Consonants: b c ch c̦ d f g gh ģ h l ł m n p r ŗ s ș t th ț v y z ' /b k χ tʃ d f g ɣ dʒ h l w m n p r ʒ s ʃ h ts~tɕ v j z (?)/ | *Consonants: b c ch c̦ d f g gh ģ h l ł m n p r ŗ s ș t th ț v y z ' /b k χ tʃ d f g ɣ dʒ h l w m n p r ʒ s ʃ h ts~tɕ v j z (?)/ | ||
**Final ''h'' is silent unless before a vowel. ''th'' is pronounced even when final. | **Final ''h'' is silent unless before a vowel. ''th'' is pronounced even when final. | ||