Verse:Irta/Judeo-Mandarin: Difference between revisions
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* The vocative survives only for ''Zie'' 'God': ''ă Zhey (gum/giņi)!'' /əˈjej/, or the fixed expression ''(oy) mă-Zhey!'' 'oh my God'. To call family members, forms such as ''mă-mhoŗ!'' 'my mother!' are used. | * The vocative survives only for ''Zie'' 'God': ''ă Zhey (gum/giņi)!'' /əˈjej/, or the fixed expression ''(oy) mă-Zhey!'' 'oh my God'. To call family members, forms such as ''mă-mhoŗ!'' 'my mother!' are used. | ||
Possession is | Possession is expressed with the construction ''ăn X ăģ Y'' (lit. the X at Y), for example אן כּאַתּ אַז׳ מא־מֿאַכּ ''ăn cat ăģ mă-mhac'' = my son's cat. | ||
Concatenation exists but is more derivational, analogous to compounding in English. In native head-initial concatenations, the second element of a compound is treated as an adjective for mutation purposes: | Concatenation exists but is more derivational, analogous to compounding in English. In native head-initial concatenations, the second element of a compound is treated as an adjective for mutation purposes: | ||
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Hebrew words often form plurals in unstressed ''-im'' /im/ or ''-ăs'' /əs/ but native Celtic words may use them too and not all Hebrew words use the Hebrew plural. Hebrew nouns beginning with ''m-'' are almost always loaned as masculine (to avoid mutation after the singular definite article); as an exception, משפּחה ''mișpóchă'' 'family' is feminine. | Hebrew words often form plurals in unstressed ''-im'' /im/ or ''-ăs'' /əs/ but native Celtic words may use them too and not all Hebrew words use the Hebrew plural. Hebrew nouns beginning with ''m-'' are almost always loaned as masculine (to avoid mutation after the singular definite article); as an exception, משפּחה ''mișpóchă'' 'family' is feminine. | ||
==== Article ==== | |||
Masculine nouns: | Masculine nouns: | ||
* Nouns beginning with a vowel take אנט ''ănd'': אנט אישז׳א ''ănd ișģă'' = the water | * Nouns beginning with a vowel take אנט ''ănd'': אנט אישז׳א ''ănd ișģă'' = the water | ||
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*נא סוכּות ''nă sücăs'' = the booths | *נא סוכּות ''nă sücăs'' = the booths | ||
*נא ניסים ''nă nisim'' = the miracles | *נא ניסים ''nă nisim'' = the miracles | ||
==== Declension ==== | |||
Middle Irish -amh/-amhan nouns either | Middle Irish -amh/-amhan nouns either | ||
* if feminine, the -amh is deleted and the plural is -ță (''tał, talță'' 'earth') | * if feminine, the -amh is deleted and the plural is -ță (''tał, talță'' 'earth') | ||