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Verse:Irta (Old)/Judeo-Mandarin: Difference between revisions

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An Ăn Yidiș noun effectively has three principal parts: the singular indefinite form, the singular definite accusative form and the plural form.
An Ăn Yidiș noun effectively has three principal parts: the singular indefinite form, the singular definite accusative form and the plural form.


A majority of nouns adhere to this pattern: (plural has to be memorized)
A majority of nouns use -ă or zero for the genitive singular (the plural has to be memorized):
{| class="wikitable " style=" text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | ''im'' (m.) 'butter'
! colspan="3" | ''im'' (m.) 'butter'
Line 638: Line 638:
| ''nă cnovă'' || ''năn cnovăn''  
| ''nă cnovă'' || ''năn cnovăn''  
|}
|}


{| class="wikitable " style=" text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | ''mac'' (m.) 'son'
! colspan="3" | ''mișpochă'' (f.) 'family'
|-
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | State/case
! style="width: 90px;" | State/case
Line 647: Line 648:
|-
|-
! Indefinite
! Indefinite
| ''mac'' || ''mic̦''  
| ''mișpochă'' || ''mișpochăs''  
|-
|-
! Definite
! Definite
| ''ăm mac'' || ''nă mic̦''  
| ''ă mhișpochă'' || ''nă mișpochăs''  
|-
|-
! Definite acc.
! Definite acc.
| ''ă mhic̦'' || ''năm mac''  
| ''nă mișpochă'' || ''năm mișpochăs''  
|}
|}
More irregular nouns often get -(palatalization) or -(palatalization)+-ă in the definite accusative:


{| class="wikitable " style=" text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | ''lyor'' (m.) 'book'
! colspan="3" | ''mac'' (m.) 'son'
|-
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | State/case
! style="width: 90px;" | State/case
Line 664: Line 667:
|-
|-
! Indefinite
! Indefinite
| ''lyor'' || ''lyorăn''  
| ''mac'' || ''mic̦''  
|-
|-
! Definite
! Definite
| ''ă lyor'' || ''nă lyorăn''  
| ''ăm mac'' || ''nă mic̦''  
|-
|-
! Definite acc.
! Definite acc.
| ''ă lyoŗ'' || ''năn lyorăn''  
| ''ă mhic̦'' || ''năm mac''  
|}
|}


{| class="wikitable " style=" text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | ''eyd'' (m.) 'witness'
! colspan="3" | ''lyor'' (m.) 'book'
|-
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | State/case
! style="width: 90px;" | State/case
Line 681: Line 684:
|-
|-
! Indefinite
! Indefinite
| ''eyd'' || ''eydim''  
| ''lyor'' || ''lyorăn''  
|-
|-
! Definite
! Definite
| ''ănd eyd'' || ''nă h-eydim''  
| ''ă lyor'' || ''nă lyorăn''  
|-
|-
! Definite acc.
! Definite acc.
| ''ăn eydă'' || ''năn eydim''  
| ''ă lyoŗ'' || ''năn lyorăn''  
|}
|}




{| class="wikitable " style=" text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | ''cnov'' (f.) 'bone'
! colspan="3" | ''calăg'' (f.) 'woman'
|-
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | State/case
! style="width: 90px;" | State/case
Line 699: Line 702:
|-
|-
! Indefinite
! Indefinite
| ''cnov'' || ''cnovăn''  
| ''calăg'' || ''calăgăn''  
|-
|-
! Definite
! Definite
| ''ă chnov'' || ''nă cnovăn''  
| ''ă chalăg'' || ''nă calăgăn''  
|-
|-
! Definite acc.
! Definite acc.
| ''nă cnovă'' || ''năn cnovăn''  
| ''nă calăģă'' || ''năn calăgăn''  
|}
|}


{| class="wikitable " style=" text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | ''calăg'' (f.) 'woman'
! colspan="3" | ''cnov'' (f.) 'bone'
|-
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | State/case
! style="width: 90px;" | State/case
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|-
|-
! Indefinite
! Indefinite
| ''calăg'' || ''calăgăn''  
| ''cnov'' || ''cnovăn''  
|-
|-
! Definite
! Definite
| ''ă chalăg'' || ''nă calăgăn''  
| ''ă chnov'' || ''nă cnovăn''  
|-
|-
! Definite acc.
! Definite acc.
| ''nă calăģă'' || ''năn calăgăn''  
| ''nă cnovă'' || ''năn cnovăn''  
|}
|}


sg gen/pl nom with palatalization and vowel change: mak 'son' // əm mak // ə viķ // miķ // nə miķ // nəm mak (בן // הבן // את הבן // בנים // הבנים // את הבנים)
sg gen/pl nom with palatalization and vowel change: mak 'son' // əm mak // ə viķ // miķ // nə miķ // nəm mak (בן // הבן // את הבן // בנים // הבנים // את הבנים)
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