Verse:Irta (Old)/Judeo-Mandarin: Difference between revisions
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
||
| Line 482: | Line 482: | ||
Ăn Yidiș has innovated the tense-aspect system (pres, past/conditional, fut, jussive‚ imperative) x (imperfective, perfective) using the form of בּי ''bi'' and the preverbal aspect marker. The auxiliary marks tense and the preposition marks perfectivity: | Ăn Yidiș has innovated the tense-aspect system (pres, past/conditional, fut, jussive‚ imperative) x (imperfective, perfective) using the form of בּי ''bi'' and the preverbal aspect marker. The auxiliary marks tense and the preposition marks perfectivity: | ||
* to | * to e ă(g) = present (to becomes t' before a vowel) | ||
* to | * to e ņey = past perfective | ||
* vă | * vă e ă(g) = past imperfective | ||
* vă | * vă e ņey = pluperfect | ||
* bey | * bey e ă(g) = future imperfective | ||
* bey | * bey e ney = future perfective | ||
* răv | * răv e ă(g) = jussive impfv. ('may he.../let him...') | ||
* răv | * răv e ney = jussive pfv. | ||
*''to | *Present: ''to e ăg ith'' = he eats; he is eating | ||
**''vel șe...'' = does he...? | **''vel șe...'' = does he...? | ||
**''chan el șe...'' = he does not... | **''chan el șe...'' = he does not... | ||
**''nach el șe...'' = doesn't he...?/that he does not | **''nach el șe...'' = doesn't he...?/that he does not | ||
**''gu vel | **''gu vel e...'' = COMP | ||
**'' | **''a h-e...'' = REL (אַ ''a'' triggers h-prothesis, it's from ''*āh'' < ''a tha'') | ||
**''afílu mo to/mă nach'' = even if | **''afílu mo to/mă nach'' = even if | ||
*''to șe ney ith'' = he ate/has eaten | *''to șe ney ith'' = he ate/has eaten | ||
*''bey ș' ăg ith'' = he will eat | *Future: ''bey ș' ăg ith'' = he will eat | ||
**''ă bey șe...'' = will he...? | **''ă bey șe...'' = will he...? | ||
**''cha bhey șe...'' = he will not... | **''cha bhey șe...'' = he will not... | ||
**''nach bhey șe...'' = won't he...? | **''nach bhey șe...'' = won't he...? | ||
**''ă/gu bis șe...'' = REL/COMP he will... | **''ă/gu bis șe...'' = REL/COMP he will... | ||
*''vă ș' ăg ith'' = he was eating/he would eat | *Past: ''vă ș' ăg ith'' = he was eating/he would eat | ||
**''ă răv șe...'' = was he...?/would he? | **''ă răv șe...'' = was he...?/would he? | ||
**''cha răv șe...'' = he was not.../he would not... | **''cha răv șe...'' = he was not.../he would not... | ||
| Line 516: | Line 514: | ||
*''no h-ith(ăv)!'' = Don't eat! | *''no h-ith(ăv)!'' = Don't eat! | ||
Hebrew verbs are usually borrowed in their verbal noun or participle forms. | Hebrew verbs are usually borrowed in their verbal noun or participle forms. | ||
===Copula=== | ===Copula=== | ||
Due to Hebrew influence, Ăn Yidiș is closer to being zero-copula than Irish is; the copula *iš was fused, dropped or reanalyzed as part of the pronoun in some cases. Unlike in Irish, the copula is just syntactic; it's used for nominal sentences whereas adjunct, adjective and verb predicates use the auxiliary בּי ''bi''. | Due to Hebrew influence, Ăn Yidiș is closer to being zero-copula than Irish is; the copula *iš was fused, dropped or reanalyzed as part of the pronoun in some cases. Unlike in Irish, the copula is just syntactic; it's used for nominal sentences whereas adjunct, adjective and verb predicates use the auxiliary בּי ''bi''. | ||