Verse:Irta/Hebrew: Difference between revisions

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It is SVO like our Hebrew, but sometimes prefers Ăn Yidiș syntax, e.g.

* much more willing to use איני, אינך, ...for negation in present tense (אין הוא, אין היא in 3rd person); in our IH these forms are formal/written (bc Gaelic negation comes before subject pronouns). לא אני... ''Lo ăni'' is a focus construction 'It's not me that...', and אין אני ''eyn ăni'' in non 3rd person are solemn.

* לא אלא ''lo ela'', לא כי-אם ''lo ki-im'' or colloquially לא אך ''lo akh'' (which is proscribed; from native Gaelic ''ach'') 'nothing but' used preferentially to רק ''rak'' 'only'

** (colloquial) אני לא/איני אך מורה. 'I'm just a teacher'

** (formal) איני אלא/כי אם מורה.

* Irish/Ăn Yidiș calques in some common expressions

** The following are used instead of בבקשה ''bevakasha'':

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** ''haya racon iti'' 'I'd like'

** אפשר איתי ''efšar iti'' 'I can' (''efșăr lum'')

* Colloquially adjunct pronouns tend to be a bit further from their heads (separated by a direct object or the subject), e.g. יש חלום לי ''yeš xălom li'' 'I have a dream', הוא נתן חלום לי ''hu nasan xălom li'' 'he gave me a dream' rather than the more formal יש לי חלום ''yeš li xălom'' and הוא נתן לי חלום ''hu nasan li xălom''.

* colloquial, often proscribed: ''šel'' (influenced by Ăn Yidiș ''ag'') might replace ''l-'' in existential constructions: יש ספר שלי ''yeš sefer šeli'' (but ''*yeaș șeli seafer'' is never grammatical).

* 'I have the book' is יש לי הספר ''yeš li ha-sefer'' (colloq. ''yeš ha-sefer (še)li''), NOT יש לי את הספר ''yeš li es ha-sefer'' as in our Modern Hebrew.

* Question particles (''ha2im'', ''ha-'' in more formal contexts) are usually retained. Questions don't have a different intonation from declarative sentences; they both have falling intonation. Question marks are not usually used.

* It also prefers some coincidentally Gaelic-sounding words, e.g. אַךְ ''ach'' 'but' and שָׂשׂ ''sas'' 'happy' (sounding like Judeo-Gaelic ''ach'' 'but' and ''sostă'' 'satisfied') instead of the synonyms אֲבָל ''aval'' and שָׂמֵחַ ''sameax''. כה ''ko'' is as common as כל כך ''kul káx'' for 'so (ADJ)'.

* Tenses are ~~modeled after Ăn Yidiș and Mishnaic~~ Hebrew tenses~~. The participle is used for imperfective tenses, corresponding to~~ the ~~Ăn Yidiș~~ construction ~~ă(g) + verbnoun~~.

* Tenses are similar to our Modern Hebrew tenses but the ''haya okhel'' construction is more cpmmon.

** היה הוא אוכל = Past imperfective (~~Vă ș~~'ăg îth)

** היה הוא אוכל = Past imperfective/progressive/conditional (corresponds to V'e ăg îth)

** הוא אוכל = Present ~~(To ș'ăg îth)~~

** הוא אוכל = Present

** הוא אכל = Past perfective ~~(To/Vă șe ney îth)~~

** הוא אכל = Past perfective

** יהיה הוא אוכל = Future imperfective (Bey ș'ăg îth)

** הוא יאכל = Future

** הוא יאכל = Future ~~perfective (Bey șe ney îth)~~

* Loazit ''-cya'' '-tion' is borrowed directly from Latin ''-tiō'', via Tsarfati Hebrew ''-țyo''

* Prepositions can be weird, esp ''3al'' and ''3im'' (mapped to Irish ''ar'' and ''le'')

@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
 It is SVO like our Hebrew, but sometimes prefers Ăn Yidiș syntax, e.g.
 * much more willing to use איני, אינך, ...for negation in present tense (אין הוא, אין היא in 3rd person); in our IH these forms are formal/written (bc Gaelic negation comes before subject pronouns). לא אני... ''Lo ăni'' is a focus construction 'It's not me that...', and אין אני ''eyn ăni'' in non  3rd person are solemn.
-* לא אלא ''lo ela'', לא כי-אם ''lo ki-im'' or colloquially לא אך ''lo akh'' (which is proscribed; from native Gaelic ''ach'') 'nothing but' used preferentially to רק ''rak'' 'only'
-** (colloquial) אני לא/איני אך מורה. 'I'm just a teacher'
-** (formal) איני אלא/כי אם מורה.
 * Irish/Ăn Yidiș calques in some common expressions
 ** The following are used instead of בבקשה ''bevakasha'':
@@ Line 29: / Line 26: @@
 ** ''haya racon iti'' 'I'd like'
 ** אפשר איתי ''efšar iti'' 'I can' (''efșăr lum'')
-* Colloquially adjunct pronouns tend to be a bit further from their heads (separated by a direct object or the subject), e.g. יש חלום לי ''yeš xălom li'' 'I have a dream', הוא נתן חלום לי ''hu nasan xălom li'' 'he gave me a dream' rather than the more formal יש לי חלום ''yeš li xălom'' and הוא נתן לי חלום ''hu nasan li xălom''.
-* colloquial, often proscribed: ''šel'' (influenced by Ăn Yidiș ''ag'') might replace ''l-'' in existential constructions: יש ספר שלי ''yeš sefer šeli'' (but ''*yeaș șeli seafer'' is never grammatical).
-* 'I have the book' is יש לי הספר ''yeš li ha-sefer'' (colloq. ''yeš ha-sefer (še)li''), NOT יש לי את הספר ''yeš li es ha-sefer'' as in our Modern Hebrew.
 * Question particles (''ha2im'', ''ha-'' in more formal contexts) are usually retained. Questions don't have a different intonation from declarative sentences; they both have falling intonation. Question marks are not usually used.
 * It also prefers some coincidentally Gaelic-sounding words, e.g. אַךְ ''ach'' 'but' and שָׂשׂ ''sas'' 'happy' (sounding like Judeo-Gaelic ''ach'' 'but' and ''sostă'' 'satisfied') instead of the synonyms אֲבָל ''aval'' and שָׂמֵחַ ''sameax''. כה ''ko'' is as common as כל כך ''kul káx'' for 'so (ADJ)'.
-* Tenses are modeled after Ăn Yidiș and Mishnaic Hebrew tenses. The participle is used for imperfective tenses, corresponding to the Ăn Yidiș construction ă(g) + verbnoun.
+* Tenses are similar to our Modern Hebrew tenses but the ''haya okhel'' construction is more cpmmon.
-** היה הוא אוכל = Past imperfective (Vă ș'ăg îth)
+** היה הוא אוכל = Past imperfective/progressive/conditional (corresponds to V'e ăg îth)
-** הוא אוכל = Present (To ș'ăg îth)
+** הוא אוכל = Present
-** הוא אכל = Past perfective (To/Vă șe ney îth)
+** הוא אכל = Past perfective
-** יהיה הוא אוכל = Future imperfective (Bey ș'ăg îth)
+** הוא יאכל = Future
-** הוא יאכל = Future perfective (Bey șe ney îth)
 * Loazit ''-cya'' '-tion' is borrowed directly from Latin ''-tiō'', via Tsarfati Hebrew ''-țyo''
 * Prepositions can be weird, esp ''3al'' and ''3im'' (mapped to Irish ''ar'' and ''le'')