Verse:Irta (Old)/Judeo-Mandarin: Difference between revisions

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* real "if" past: ''mă bă, mă nach bă''

* irreal "if": ''năm bă, năn nach bă''

* relative present aff. אש ''ăș'', rel. pres. neg. א נאַך ''ă nach''

* complementizer pres. aff. קוֹן ''gun'', pres. neg. קוֹ נאַך ''gu nach''

When the predicate is indefinite ("is-a"), the construction "șe PRED ă t'in (def noun phrase)" is used, where ''șe/și/șied'' inflects according to the above rules:

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* אפֿשר לא יואל שעין׳, נאַך אפֿשר ''Efșăr lă Yual șeyņ, nach efșăr?'' 'Yual can sing, can't he?'

~~Forms of~~ the ~~naked copula:~~

Only the present affirmative forms differ.

* pres. interr. אן ''ăn'' (אם ''ăm'' before labials), pres. neg. כֿאַ ''cha°'', pres. neg. interr. נאַך ''nach''

* relative present ~~aff. אש ''ăș'', rel. pres. neg. א נאַך ''ă nach''~~

* complementizer pres. aff. קוֹש ''guș'', pres. neg. קוֹ נאַך ''gu nach''

* interrogative טעש ''deș'': טעש תּעל לעט ''Deș tel led?'' = What do you like? טעש אפֿשר לוֹם ''Deș efșăr lum?'' = What can I do?

* past/conditional/subjunctive בּא ''bă'', interr. אם בּא ''ăm bă'', neg. כֿאַ בּא ''cha bă'', neg. interr. נאַך בּא ''nach bă''

* rel. past aff. א בּא ''ă bă'', rel. past neg. א נאַך בּא ''ă nach bă''

* comp. past aff. קוֹ בּא ''gu bă'', comp. past neg. קוֹ נאַך בּא ''gu nach bă''

* cond. pres. ''măș, mă nach''

* cond. past. ~~''mă bă, mă nach bă''~~

===Nouns===

Like modern Irish, Standard An Yidiș has masculine and feminine genders. Hebrew words may not have the same gender as in Hebrew. Declension is simplified compared to Irish and Scottish Gaelic:

@@ Line 440: / Line 440: @@
 * real "if" past: ''mă bă, mă nach bă''
 * irreal "if": ''năm bă, năn nach bă''
+* relative present aff. אש ''ăș'', rel. pres. neg. א נאַך ''ă nach''
+* complementizer pres. aff. קוֹן ''gun'', pres. neg. קוֹ נאַך ''gu nach''
 When the predicate is indefinite ("is-a"), the construction "șe PRED ă t'in (def noun phrase)" is used, where ''șe/și/șied'' inflects according to the above rules:
@@ Line 465: / Line 468: @@
 * אפֿשר לא יואל שעין&#1523;, נאַך אפֿשר ''Efșăr lă Yual șeyņ, nach efșăr?'' 'Yual can sing, can't he?'
-Forms of the naked copula:
+Only the present affirmative forms differ.
-* pres. interr. אן ''ăn'' (אם ''ăm'' before labials), pres. neg. כ&#1471;אַ ''cha°'', pres. neg. interr. נאַך ''nach''
-* relative present aff. אש ''ăș'', rel. pres. neg. א נאַך ''ă nach''
-* complementizer pres. aff. קוֹש ''guș'', pres. neg. קוֹ נאַך ''gu nach''
-* interrogative טעש ''deș'': טעש תּעל לעט ''Deș tel led?'' = What do you like? טעש אפֿשר לוֹם ''Deș efșăr lum?'' = What can I do?
-* past/conditional/subjunctive בּא ''bă'', interr. אם בּא ''ăm bă'', neg. כ&#1471;אַ בּא ''cha bă'', neg. interr. נאַך בּא ''nach bă''
-* rel. past aff. א בּא ''ă bă'', rel. past neg. א נאַך בּא ''ă nach bă''
-* comp. past aff. קוֹ בּא ''gu bă'', comp. past neg. קוֹ נאַך בּא ''gu nach bă''
-* cond. pres. ''măș, mă nach''
-* cond. past. ''mă bă, mă nach bă''
 ===Nouns===
 Like modern Irish, Standard An Yidiș has masculine and feminine genders. Hebrew words may not have the same gender as in Hebrew. Declension is simplified compared to Irish and Scottish Gaelic: