Verse:Irta/Judeo-Mandarin: Difference between revisions

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* Initial ''n'' is dental; initial ''l'' is alveolar. Otherwise ''n l'' are alveolar unless they assimilate (e.g. in the case of n before ''t d s'') or retroflex (when following ''r'').

* /t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ ʃ ʒ/ may be alveolopalatal [t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ ɕ ʑ].

* ''r'' is most commonly an alveolar or retroflex approximant (not velarized or pharyngealized, so more like Hiberno-English r than American r). The sequences /rn rl rtʰ rt⁼ rt͡sʰ rt͡s⁼ rs/ are realized as retroflex [ɳ ʈʰ ʈ⁼ ʈ͡ʂʰ ʈ͡ʂ ʂ], even across word boundaries: נאך אפֿשר לעט ''năch efșăr led'' [nəχ efʃə ɭet] 'can't you?' It may also be a retracted alveolar flap [ɾ̠] or trill [r̠].

* ''r'' is most commonly an alveolar or retroflex approximant (not velarized or pharyngealized, so more like Hiberno-English r than American r). The sequences /rn rl rtʰ rt⁼ rt͡sʰ rt͡s⁼ rs/ are realized as retroflex [ɳ ɭ ʈʰ ʈ⁼ ʈ͡ʂʰ ʈ͡ʂ ʂ], even across word boundaries: נאך אפֿשר לעט ''năch efșăr led'' [nəχ efʃə ɭet] 'can't you?' It may also be a retracted alveolar flap [ɾ̠] or trill [r̠].

* In most modern accents ''ŗ'' /ʒ/ is postalveolar and merges with ''ș'' when devoiced. It is pronounced as Czech ''ř'' (devoiced after voiceless fricatives and aspirated stops) in conservative dialects and merges with ''ș'' or becomes a sound similar to Spanish ''y'' in ''yendo'' in some dialects.

* Stop + fricative clusters are distinct from affricates: some minimal pairs are דר׳עבאר ''dŗevăr'' /tʃevər/ 'sister' and זשעבאר ''ģevăr'' /t͡ʃevər/ 'winter'; תּר׳י ''tŗi'' /tʰʃɪ/ '3' and צשי ''c̦i'' /t͡ʃʰɪ/ 'at her'.

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 * Initial ''n'' is dental; initial ''l'' is alveolar. Otherwise ''n l'' are alveolar unless they assimilate (e.g. in the case of n before ''t d s'') or retroflex (when following ''r'').
 * /t&#865;ʃ t&#865;ʃʰ ʃ ʒ/ may be alveolopalatal [t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ ɕ ʑ].
-* ''r'' is most commonly an alveolar or retroflex approximant (not velarized or pharyngealized, so more like Hiberno-English r than American r). The sequences /rn rl rtʰ rt⁼ rt&#865;sʰ rt&#865;s⁼ rs/ are realized as retroflex [ɳ ʈʰ ʈ⁼ ʈ&#865;ʂʰ ʈ&#865;ʂ ʂ], even across word boundaries: נאך אפֿשר לעט ''năch efșăr led'' [nəχ efʃə ɭet] 'can't you?' It may also be a retracted alveolar flap [ɾ&#800;] or trill [r&#800;].
+* ''r'' is most commonly an alveolar or retroflex approximant (not velarized or pharyngealized, so more like Hiberno-English r than American r). The sequences /rn rl rtʰ rt⁼ rt&#865;sʰ rt&#865;s⁼ rs/ are realized as retroflex [ɳ ɭ ʈʰ ʈ⁼ ʈ&#865;ʂʰ ʈ&#865;ʂ ʂ], even across word boundaries: נאך אפֿשר לעט ''năch efșăr led'' [nəχ efʃə ɭet] 'can't you?' It may also be a retracted alveolar flap [ɾ&#800;] or trill [r&#800;].
 * In most modern accents ''ŗ'' /ʒ/ is postalveolar and merges with ''ș'' when devoiced. It is pronounced as Czech ''ř'' (devoiced after voiceless fricatives and aspirated stops) in conservative dialects and merges with ''ș'' or becomes a sound similar to Spanish ''y'' in ''yendo'' in some dialects.
 * Stop + fricative clusters are distinct from affricates: some minimal pairs are דר&#1523;עבאר ''dŗevăr'' /tʃevər/ 'sister' and זשעבאר ''ģevăr'' /t&#865;ʃevər/ 'winter'; תּר&#1523;י ''tŗi'' /tʰʃɪ/ '3' and צשי ''c&#x326;i'' /t&#865;ʃʰɪ/ 'at her'.