Guimin

Guimin
гӯймин
Pronunciation	[gʉːjˈmin]
Created by	Dillon Hartwig
Date	2022
Setting	Dagestan, Russian Federation
Language family	Indo-European Guimin
Early form	Proto-Indo-European

Guimin /ˈgoɪmɪn/ (Guimin: гӯймин [gʉːjˈmin]) is an Indo-European language spoken in eastern Dagestan.

Etymology

Guimin is from the autonym and ethnonym гӯймин, which is inherited from Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥H-h₁en-mén-s.

Orthography

Guimin has historically been written with the Arabic, Mkhedruli, and Latin scripts, but is now largely written with the Cyrillic script.

Guimin alphabet

А а	А̄ а̄	Ав ав	А̄в а̄в	Авъ авъ	А̄въ а̄въ	Ай ай	А̄й а̄й	Айъ айъ	А̄йъ а̄йъ
/ɑ/	/ɑː/	/ɑu/	/ɑuː/	/ɑuˤ/	/ɑuˤː/	/ɑi/	/ɑiː/	/ɑiˤ/	/ɑiˤː/
Б б	В в	Г г	Гъ гъ	Гь гь	Д д	Дж дж	Дз дз	Е е	Е̄ е̄
/b/	/w/	/g/	/ʁ/	/h/	/d/	/d͡ʒ/	/d͡z/	/je/	/jeː/
Ё ё	Ё̄ ё̄	Ж ж	З з	И и	Ӣ ӣ	Иъ иъ	Ӣъ ӣъ	Й й	К к
/jo/	/joː/	/ʒ/	/z/	/i/	/iː/	/iˤ/	/iˤː/	/j/	/k/
Кк кк	Къ къ	Кь кь	Ккь ккь	Кӏ кӏ	Ккӏ ккӏ	Къӏ къӏ	Кьӏ кьӏ	Ккьӏ ккьӏ	Л л
/kː/	/qː/	/t͡ɬ/	/t͡ɬː/	/kʼ/	/kʼː/	/qʼː/	/t͡ɬʼ/	/t͡ɬʼː/	/l/
Лл лл	Лъ лъ	М м	Н н	О о	О̄ о̄	П п	Пп пп	Пӏ пӏ	Ппӏ ппӏ
/ɬː/	/ɬ/	/m/	/n/	/o/	/oː/	/p/	/pː/	/pʼ/	/pʼː/
Р р	Рр рр	Ръ ръ	С с	Сс сс	Т т	Тт тт	Тӏ тӏ	Ттӏ ттӏ	У у
/r/	/r̥ː/	/r̥/	/s/	/sː/	/t/	/tː/	/tʼ/	/tʼː/	/u/
Ӯ ӯ	Уъ уъ	Ӯъ ӯъ	Ф ф	Фф фф	Х х	Хх хх	Хъ хъ	Ц ц	Цц цц
/uː/	/uˤ/	/uˤː/	/f/	/fː/	/x/	/xː/	/χː/	/t͡s/	/t͡sː/
Цӏ цӏ	Ццӏ ццӏ	Ч ч	Чч чч	Чӏ чӏ	Ччӏ ччӏ	Ш ш	Шш шш	Щ щ	Ы ы
/t͡sʼ/	/t͡sʼː/	/t͡ʃ/	/t͡ʃː/	/t͡ʃʼ/	/t͡ʃʼː/	/ʃ/	/ʃː/	/ʃː/	/ɨ/
Ы̄ ы̄	Ыъ ыъ	Ы̄ъ ы̄ъ	Э э	Э̄ э̄	Ю ю	Ю̄ ю̄	Юъ юъ	Ю̄ъ ю̄ъ	Я я
/ɨː/	/ɨˤ/	/ɨˤː/	/e/	/eː/	/ju/	/juː/	/juˤ/	/juˤː/	/jɑ/
Я̄ я̄	Ӏ ӏ	Ә ә	Ә̄ ә̄	Әъ әъ	Ә̄ъ ә̄ъ	Әв әв	Ә̄в ә̄в	Әвъ әвъ	Ә̄въ ә̄въ
/jɑː/	/ʔ/	/æ/	/æː/	/æˤ/	/æˤː/	/æu/	/æuː/	/æuˤ/	/æuˤː/
Әй әй	Ә̄й ә̄й	Әйъ әйъ	Ә̄йъ ә̄йъ
/æi/	/æiː/	/æiˤ/	/æiˤː/

• ⟨щ⟩ only occurs in Russian loanwords.

Phonology

Consonants

Consonants

		Labial		Alveolar		Postalveolar		Lateral		Palatal	Velar		Uvular	Glottal
Nasal		m		n
Stop	Voiceless	p	pː	t	tː						k	kː	qː	ʔ
	Ejective	pʼ	pʼː	tʼ	tʼː						kʼ	kʼː	qʼː
	Voiced	b		d							g
Affricate	Voiceless			t͡s	t͡sː	t͡ʃ	t͡ʃː	t͡ɬ	t͡ɬː
	Ejective			t͡sʼ	t͡sʼː	t͡ʃʼ	t͡ʃʼː	t͡ɬʼ	t͡ɬʼː
	Voiced			d͡z		d͡ʒ
Fricative	Voiceless	f	fː	s	sː	ʃ	ʃː	ɬ	ɬː		x	xː	χː	h
	Voiced	w		z		ʒ							ʁ
Approximant								l		j
Trill	Voiceless			r̥	r̥ː
	Voiced			r

• /ʔ, d͡z, f, fː/ only occur in loanwords.
• Consonants except /f, fː, j/ are pharyngealized adjacent to pharyngealized vowels and other pharyngealized consonants.
  • Pharyngealization of trills is optional and varies by speaker.
  • Pharyngealized alveolar consonants (except lateral consonants and trills) are realized as dental
  • Pharyngealized /ʔ/ is realized as [ʡ~ʕ]
  • Pharyngealized /h/ is realized as [ħ~ʜ]
• Word-initial geminated consonants may be realized as aspirated or tense.
• /w/ is in free variation with [v] except before rounded vowels
  • /w/ and [wˤ] before rounded vowels are realized as [v].

Vowels

Vowels

	Front		Central		Back
High	i	iː	ɨ	ɨː	u	uː
High pharyngealized	iˤ	iˤː	ɨˤ	ɨˤː	uˤ	uˤː
Close-mid	e	eː			o	oː
Low	æ	æː			ɑ	ɑː
Low pharyngealized	æˤ	æˤː

Diphthongs

æi	æiː	æiˤ	æiˤː
æu	æuː	æuˤ	æuˤː
ɑi	ɑiː	ɑiˤ	ɑiˤː
ɑu	ɑuː	ɑuˤ	ɑuˤː

• /æˤ/ only occurs in loanwords.
• /u, uː, o, oː, ɑ, ɑː/ are realized as /ʉ, ʉː, ɵ, ɵː, ɐ, ɑː/ if the following syllable contains /i, iː, iˤ, iˤː, e, eː/.
  • /u/ in diphthongs is realized as /ɵ/.
• /iˤ, iˤː, ɨˤ, ɨˤː, uˤ, uˤː, æˤ, æˤː/ are realized as /e, eː, ɘ, ɘː, o, oː, ɘ, ɘː/ word-finally after pharyngealized consonants.
• /e, o/ are in free variation with [ɛ, ɔ].
• Epenthetic [ɘ] is optionally inserted between morphemes, most often between obstruents of different voicing/fortition.

Prosody

Stress

Stress is phonemic, most often either stem-initial or directly after the stem (which shifts to stem-final with zero-suffixes).

Phonotactics

Guimin has a maximum syllable structure of CCVCC. consonant-/m, n, l, r/ clusters cannot occur word-initially.

Morphology

Alignment

Guimin has ergative-absolutive morphosyntactic alignment.

Numerals

Guimin uses base-20 numerals, except past 1000 where base-10 is used.

Numerals

1	2	3	4	5
эв	двә̄	тӏырӣ	кӏтӏӯр	пӏукӏ
6	7	8	9	10
биккӏ	сипӏтӏы	әкӏтӏә̄	нон	дикӏы
11	12	13	14	15
дикӏмэв	дикӏыдвә̄	дикӏытӏырӣ	дикӏыкӏтӏӯр	дикӏыпӏукӏ
16	17	18	19	20
дикӏмиккӏ	дикӏысипӏтӏы	дикӏмәкӏтӏә̄	дикӏынон	виъгьы
400	1,000	10,000	100,000	1,000,000
кӏытӏ	гьәзә̄р	бә̄вр	дикӏы бә̄вр	милён

• All numerals above 1,000,000 are Russian loans.

Numerals 1-4 have irregular ordinal forms пӏӯв, двиъчӏ, тӏыриътӏ, кӏтӏвытӏ, other ordinals are marked by -(ы)тӏ. Distributive and collective numerals are marked by -ар and '-ла respectively.

Syntax

Constituent order

The predominant word order is SOV, but word order is very flexible.

Dependent clauses

Dependent clauses follow the head they modify after any other modifiers, and are generally marked with the attributive.

Example texts

Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 1

Гӯ мәнвис виъсәм муъкӏтӏмими гьу вэ̄кьӏмими карә̄мэ̄с гьу гьуъкъӯкъә̄м упӏрә. Гӯ әъкь гьу виджд дӯрә гьу тӣнтӏзәм такэ̄ бырэ̄тӏ гӯъдэчэ̄.

Гӯ

NWIT

мәнвис

human.ABS-PL.ABS

виъсәм

all-M.PL.ABS

муъкӏтӏмими

free-ADJ.NZ-COM

гьу

and

вэ̄кьӏмими

equal-ADJ.NZ-COM

карә̄мэ̄с

dignity-SG.GEN2

гьу

and

гьуъкъӯкъә̄м

right.PL-PL.GEN2

упӏрә.

make.PFV.PASS.M.PL

Гӯ мәнвис виъсәм муъкӏтӏмими гьу вэ̄кьӏмими карә̄мэ̄с гьу гьуъкъӯкъә̄м упӏрә.

NWIT human.ABS-PL.ABS all-M.PL.ABS free-ADJ.NZ-COM and equal-ADJ.NZ-COM dignity-SG.GEN2 and right.PL-PL.GEN2 make.PFV.PASS.M.PL

Гӯ

NWIT

әъкь

reason

гьу

and

виджд

conscience

дӯрә

give.PFV.PASS.M.PL

гьу

and

тӣнтӏзәм

do.PFV.PRES.M.PL

такэ̄

should

бырэ̄тӏ

brother

гӯъдэчэ̄.

be.INF-LAT-GER-ADV

Гӯ әъкь гьу виджд дӯрә гьу тӣнтӏзәм такэ̄ бырэ̄тӏ гӯъдэчэ̄.

NWIT reason and conscience give.PFV.PASS.M.PL and do.PFV.PRES.M.PL should brother be.INF-LAT-GER-ADV

Linguifex-hosted translations

• Translated works in Guimin
• Guimin/Test Case Sentences
• Guimin/Corpus

Conlang Atlas of Language Structures-hosted translations

• CALS translations

Other resources

CALS