Qasunattuuji: Difference between revisions

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(Phonotatics added)
(Orthography partially added)
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===Orthography===
===Orthography===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! Latin letter (since the 1920s) !! Cyrillic letter (between the XVII century and the 1920s) !! [[w:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
|+ '''Standard Luthic Alphabet'''
|-
| [[w:A|A]], a || [[w:A (Cyrillic)|A]], а || [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|/a/]]
|-
| [[w:F|F]], f || [[w:Ef (Cyrillic)|Ф]], ф|| [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|/f/]]
|-
| [[w:G|G]], g || [[w:Ge (Cyrillic)|Г]]. г|| [[w:Voiced uvular plosive|/ɢ/]] or [[w:Voiced uvular fricative|/ʁ/]] (see [[Qasunattuuji#Consonants|consonants]])
|-
| [[w:H|H]], h || [[w:Kha (Cyrillic)|Х]], х|| [[w:Voiceless uvular fricative|/χ/]]
|-
| [[w:I|I]], i || [[w:I (Cyrillic)|И]], и|| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|/i/]]
|-
| [[w:J|J]], j || [[w:Zhe (Cyrillic)|Ж]], ж|| [[w:Voiced retroflex fricative|/ʐ/]]
|-
| [[w:K|K]], k || [[w:Ka (Cyrillic)|К]], к|| [[w:Voiceless velar stop|/k/]]
|-
| [[w:L|L]], l || [[w:El (Cyrillic)|Л]], л|| [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|/l/]]
|-
| [[w:M|M]], m|| [[w:Em (Cyrillic)|М]], м|| [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|/m/]]
|-
| [[w:N|N]], n || [[w:En (Cyrillic)|Н]], н|| [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|/n/]]
|-
| [[w:Eng (letter)|Ŋ]], ŋ ||Нг, нг|| [[w:Voiced velar nasal|/ŋ/]]
|-
| [[w:P|P], p || [[w:Pe (Cyrillic)|П]], п|| [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|/p/]]
|-
| [[w:P|P], p || Pe (Cyrillic) || oþalȯ [[IPA for Luthic|[oˈθa.lo]]] || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|/o/]], [[w:Close back rounded vowel|/u/]] or [[w:Open-mid back rounded vowel|/ɔ/]] || ô, ȯ
|-
| [[w:P|P]], p || pi [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈpi]]] || paerþa [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈpɛɾ.t͡θɐ]]] || [[w:Voiceless bilabial plosive|/p/]] or [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|/f/]] || —
|-
| [[w:Q|Q]], q || qoppa [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈkʷɔp.pɐ]]] || qaerþa [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈkᶣɛɾ.t͡θɐ]]] || [[w:Labialization|/kʷ/]] || —
|-
| [[w:R|R]], r || erre [[IPA for Luthic|[ɛˈʀe]]] || raeda [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈʁɛ.ð̞ɐ]]] || [[w:Voiced uvular trill|/ʀ/]], [[w:Voiced uvular fricative|/ʁ/]] or [[w:Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps|/ɾ/]] || —
|-
| [[w:S|S]], s || esse [[IPA for Luthic|[ɛsˈse]]] || sauila [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈsɔj.lɐ]]] || [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|/s/]], [[w:Voiceless alveolar affricate|/t͡s/]] or [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|/z/]] || —
|-
| [[w:T|T]], t || ti [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈti]]] || teivo [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈti.vu]]] || [[w:Voiceless dental plosive|/t/]] or [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|/θ/]] || —
|-
| [[w:Thorn (letter)|Þ]], þ || eþþe [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈɛθ.θe]]] || þaurno [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈθɔɾ.nu]]] || [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|/θ/]] or [[w:Voiceless dental non-sibilant affricate|/t͡θ/]] || —
|-
| [[w:U|U]], u || u [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈu]]] || uro [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈu.ɾu]]] || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|/u/]] or [[w:Voiced labial–velar approximant|/w/]] || û, ü
|-
| [[w:V|V]], v || vi [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈvi]]] || viġna [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈviɲ.ɲɐ]]] || [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|/v/]] || —
|-
| [[w:Z|Z]], z || zi [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈt͡si]]] || zetta [[IPA for Luthic|[ˈt͡sɛt.tɐ]]] || [[w:Voiceless alveolar affricate|/t͡s/]] or [[w:Voiced alveolar affricate|/d͡z/]] || —
|}
==Morphology==
==Morphology==
===Nouns===
===Nouns===

Revision as of 15:55, 7 May 2024

Qasunattuuji
Qasunattuuji
Pronunciation[qasunatˈtuːʐi]
Created byGJS
Date2023 - present
SettingAlt-history North America, Western portion of Alaska
Native toTuujiyumix Ilihuu
Indo-European
  • Qasunattuuji
Official status
Official language in
Tuujiyumix Ilihuu
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Qasunattuuji is an Indo European language (classification pending feedback) spoken in the country of Tuujiyumix Ilihuu (real-life Alaska), where it enjoys an official status. Although its words are derived from PIE, its phonology and most of its morphology show traces related to the Inuit languages, as it's polysynthetic and has only the vowels /a/, /i/, and /u/, with length distinctions. It was created for an alternate history timeline where some PIE-speakers migrated all the way from Eastern Europe to Alaska and where the Russians made Alaska a protectorate instead of a colony.

Etymology

The name Qasunattiiji means real people or true people, while Tuujiyumix Ilihuu means Land of all Peoples. The name of the country was chosen to replace the old 'Greater Alaska' in order to distance the new country from Russia shortly after its independence in 1917.

Phonology

Phonological history

  • Clipping en masse
  • bʰ → pʰ → ɸ → h → q
  • gʰ → dʰ → x → q
  • ɣʷ → ɢ
  • ɢː → ʁː
  • gʲʰ → gʰ → dʰ → x → q
  • tʲ → tʃ → ʃ → ʂ
  • gʲ → dʒ → tʃ → ʃ → ʂ
  • kʲ → tʃ → ʃ → ʂ
  • gʷ → w → v
  • gʷʰ → gʷ → kʷ → p
  • dʰ → tʰ → t
  • kʷ → p
  • {e,o}j → iː
  • {eː,oː}j → aː
  • {e,o}w → uː
  • {eː,oː}w → uː
  • {eː,oː} → {iː,u}
  • epenthetic /a/ appears to break invalid consonant clusters, except in words borrowed from Russian and English.
  • epenthetic /i/ appears before [l ʐ ɢ] if they occur in the beginning of words.

Consonants

Consonant phonemes
Labial Alveolar Palatal Retroflex Velar Uvular
Nasal m n (ŋ)
Stop p t k q ɢ
Fricative f v s ʂ ʐ χ (ʁ)
Lateral l
Approximant j

Notes:

  • Before /n/, /ŋ/ /ʁ/ are the allophones of /k/ and /q/, respectively.
  • /ŋ/ also appears in Inuit borrowings.
  • /ʁ/ is also used in verbal morphemes that are borrowed from Inuit. Its geminated version is equivalent to a /ɢː/.

Vowels

Front Back
Close i(ː) u(ː)
Open a(ː)

Prosody

Stress falls always on the penultimate syllable.

Phonotactics

[l ʐ ɢ] can't appear at the beginning of words, but can occur at the beginning of a medial syllable, while [p t k q s j m n v ʂ j f χ] can occur both at the beginning of a word and at the beginning of a medial syllable.
[ŋ] can only come at the beginning of a medial syllable after another [ŋ].
If there is a long and a short vowel in sequence, and vice versa, for example [aːi], an epenthetic [ŋ] appears to break this hiatus, in this case, becoming [aːŋi].
[t] and [b] become [ʐ] and [v], respectively between vowels (assibilation).
[k], [q] and [t] become [ŋ], [ʁ] and [n], respectively, before [n]
Consonants can be geminated, but in this case, they should be pronounced as if there were two of them.

Orthography

Latin letter (since the 1920s) Cyrillic letter (between the XVII century and the 1920s) IPA
Standard Luthic Alphabet
A, a A, а /a/
F, f Ф, ф /f/
G, g Г. г /ɢ/ or /ʁ/ (see consonants)
H, h Х, х /χ/
I, i И, и /i/
J, j Ж, ж /ʐ/
K, k К, к /k/
L, l Л, л /l/
M, m М, м /m/
N, n Н, н /n/
Ŋ, ŋ Нг, нг /ŋ/
[[w:P|P], p П, п /p/
[[w:P|P], p Pe (Cyrillic) oþalȯ [oˈθa.lo] /o/, /u/ or /ɔ/ ô, ȯ
P, p pi [ˈpi] paerþa [ˈpɛɾ.t͡θɐ] /p/ or /f/
Q, q qoppa [ˈkʷɔp.pɐ] qaerþa [ˈkᶣɛɾ.t͡θɐ] /kʷ/
R, r erre [ɛˈʀe] raeda [ˈʁɛ.ð̞ɐ] /ʀ/, /ʁ/ or /ɾ/
S, s esse [ɛsˈse] sauila [ˈsɔj.lɐ] /s/, /t͡s/ or /z/
T, t ti [ˈti] teivo [ˈti.vu] /t/ or /θ/
Þ, þ eþþe [ˈɛθ.θe] þaurno [ˈθɔɾ.nu] /θ/ or /t͡θ/
U, u u [ˈu] uro [ˈu.ɾu] /u/ or /w/ û, ü
V, v vi [ˈvi] viġna [ˈviɲ.ɲɐ] /v/
Z, z zi [ˈt͡si] zetta [ˈt͡sɛt.tɐ] /t͡s/ or /d͡z/

Morphology

Nouns

Verbs

Adjectives

Numbers

Demonstrative adverbs

Demonstrative pronouns

Conjunctions

Syntax

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Some other valid transformations

Example texts