Cruckeny: Difference between revisions
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*/o,ɔ/ only occur before /ɻ/. | */o,ɔ/ only occur before /ɻ/. | ||
*/ʌ/ only occurs in stressed syllables. | |||
*/ə/ only occurs in unstressed syllables. | |||
*/ɪ,ɪi/ are realized as [i] before /ɫ,lʲ/. | */ɪ,ɪi/ are realized as [i] before /ɫ,lʲ/. | ||
*/əR,əv(ʲ)/ are realized as syllabic consonants. | */əR,əv(ʲ)/ are realized as syllabic consonants. | ||
Revision as of 04:45, 10 August 2024
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| Cruckeny | |
|---|---|
| Crucunee | |
| Pronunciation | [ˈkʰɻʌk(ə)nɪi] |
| Created by | Dillon Hartwig |
| Date | 2023 |
| Setting | West Virginia and Kentucky, United States |
Indo-European
| |
Early form | |
Cruckeny /ˈkrʌkəni/ (Cruckeny: Crucunee [ˈkʰɻʌk(ə)nɪi]) is a Celtic language spoken in central Appalachia.
Etymology
Cruckeny is from Crucunee, from Irish cnoc-theanga "hill speech."
Orthography
Cruckeny is rarely written and does not have a standard orthography, with most texts using ad hoc English-based orthographies. Linguifex documentation of Cruckeny uses the following:
| A a | Aa aa | Au au | Ai ai | B b | By by | C c | Ch ch | Cy cy | D d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| /æ/ | /aː/ | /æɒ/ | /eɪ/ | /b/ | /bʲ/ | /k/ | /t͡ʃ/ | /kʲ/ | /d/ |
| E e | Ee ee | Er er | F f | Fy fy | G g | Gh gh | Gy gy | H h | I i |
| /ɛ,ə/ | /ɪi/ | /ɚ/ | /f/ | /fʲ/ | /g/ | /ɣ/ | /gʲ/ | /h/ | /ɪ/ |
| J j | Kh kh | Khy khy | L l | Ly ly | M m | My my | N n | Ny ny | Ng ng |
| /d͡ʒ/ | /x/ | /xʲ/ | /ɫ/ | /lʲ/ | /m/ | /mʲ/ | /n/ | /nʲ/ | /ŋ/ |
| Ngy ngy | O o | Oa oa | Oar oar | Oi oi | Oo oo | Ou ou | Our our | P p | Py py |
| /ŋʲ/ | /ɑ/ | /əᵿ/ | /oɻ/ | /oi/ | /ᵿʉ/ | /ɑɒ/ | /ɔɻ/ | /p/ | /pʲ/ |
| R r | S s | Sh sh | T t | U u | V v | Vy vy | W w | Y y | |
| /ɻ/ | /s/ | /ʃ/ | /t/ | /ʌ/ | /v/ | /vʲ/ | /w/ | /j/ |
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Velar | Glottal | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | pal. | plain | pal. | plain | pal. | |||
| Nasal | m | mʲ | n | nʲ | ŋ | ŋʲ | ||
| Stop | Voiceless | p | pʲ | t | t͡ʃ | k | kʲ | |
| Voiced | b | bʲ | d | d͡ʒ | g | gʲ | ||
| Fricative | Voiceless | f | fʲ | s | ʃ | x | xʲ | h |
| Voiced | v | vʲ | ɣ | |||||
| Approximant | w | ɻ ɫ | lʲ | j | ||||
- /v/ only occurs in loanwords, and is often replaced by /vʲ/ or /w/.
- Voiceless stops (not including /t͡ʃ/) are aspirated word-initially and before stressed vowels syllable-initially.
- /t,d/ are realized as [ɾ] intervocalically unless aspirated.
- Epenthetic [h] is inserted before vowels phrae-initially.
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | ɪ ɪi | ᵿʉ | |
| Close-mid | ə əᵿ ɚ | o oi | |
| Open-mid | ɛ ɛɪ | ʌ ɔ | |
| Low | æ æɒ | aː | ɑ ɑɒ |
- /o,ɔ/ only occur before /ɻ/.
- /ʌ/ only occurs in stressed syllables.
- /ə/ only occurs in unstressed syllables.
- /ɪ,ɪi/ are realized as [i] before /ɫ,lʲ/.
- /əR,əv(ʲ)/ are realized as syllabic consonants.
Prosody
Cruckeny stress is variabe, but in native words is predominantly initial.
Morphology
Nouns
Pronouns
Verbs
Adjectives
Negation
Numerals
Syntax
Constituent order
Cruckeny word order is strictly SVO outside of music, where VSO also occurs.
Noun and verb phrases
Possessors and numerals precede their heads. Adjectives follow their heads. Adverbs follow their clause.
Dependent clauses
Dependent clauses directly follow their head.