Cruckeny: Difference between revisions

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*/o,ɔ/ only occur before /ɻ/.
*/o,ɔ/ only occur before /ɻ/.
*/ʌ/ only occurs in stressed syllables.
*/ə/ only occurs in unstressed syllables.
*/ɪ,ɪi/ are realized as [i] before /ɫ,lʲ/.
*/ɪ,ɪi/ are realized as [i] before /ɫ,lʲ/.
*/əR,əv(ʲ)/ are realized as syllabic consonants.
*/əR,əv(ʲ)/ are realized as syllabic consonants.

Revision as of 04:45, 10 August 2024

Cruckeny
Crucunee
Pronunciation[ˈkʰɻʌk(ə)nɪi]
Created byDillon Hartwig
Date2023
SettingWest Virginia and Kentucky, United States
Early form
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Cruckeny /ˈkrʌkəni/ (Cruckeny: Crucunee [ˈkʰɻʌk(ə)nɪi]) is a Celtic language spoken in central Appalachia.

Etymology

Cruckeny is from Crucunee, from Irish cnoc-theanga "hill speech."

Orthography

Cruckeny is rarely written and does not have a standard orthography, with most texts using ad hoc English-based orthographies. Linguifex documentation of Cruckeny uses the following:

A a Aa aa Au au Ai ai B b By by C c Ch ch Cy cy D d
/æ/ /aː/ /æɒ/ /eɪ/ /b/ /bʲ/ /k/ /t͡ʃ/ /kʲ/ /d/
E e Ee ee Er er F f Fy fy G g Gh gh Gy gy H h I i
/ɛ,ə/ /ɪi/ /ɚ/ /f/ /fʲ/ /g/ /ɣ/ /gʲ/ /h/ /ɪ/
J j Kh kh Khy khy L l Ly ly M m My my N n Ny ny Ng ng
/d͡ʒ/ /x/ /xʲ/ /ɫ/ /lʲ/ /m/ /mʲ/ /n/ /nʲ/ /ŋ/
Ngy ngy O o Oa oa Oar oar Oi oi Oo oo Ou ou Our our P p Py py
/ŋʲ/ /ɑ/ /əᵿ/ /oɻ/ /oi/ /ᵿʉ/ /ɑɒ/ /ɔɻ/ /p/ /pʲ/
R r S s Sh sh T t U u V v Vy vy W w Y y
/ɻ/ /s/ /ʃ/ /t/ /ʌ/ /v/ /vʲ/ /w/ /j/

Phonology

Consonants

Consonants
Labial Alveolar Velar Glottal
plain pal. plain pal. plain pal.
Nasal m n ŋ ŋʲ
Stop Voiceless p t t͡ʃ k
Voiced b d d͡ʒ g
Fricative Voiceless f s ʃ x h
Voiced v ɣ
Approximant w ɻ ɫ j
  • /v/ only occurs in loanwords, and is often replaced by /vʲ/ or /w/.
  • Voiceless stops (not including /t͡ʃ/) are aspirated word-initially and before stressed vowels syllable-initially.
  • /t,d/ are realized as [ɾ] intervocalically unless aspirated.
  • Epenthetic [h] is inserted before vowels phrae-initially.

Vowels

Vowels
Front Central Back
High ɪ ɪi ᵿʉ
Close-mid ə əᵿ ɚ o oi
Open-mid ɛ ɛɪ ʌ ɔ
Low æ æɒ ɑ ɑɒ
  • /o,ɔ/ only occur before /ɻ/.
  • /ʌ/ only occurs in stressed syllables.
  • /ə/ only occurs in unstressed syllables.
  • /ɪ,ɪi/ are realized as [i] before /ɫ,lʲ/.
  • /əR,əv(ʲ)/ are realized as syllabic consonants.

Prosody

Cruckeny stress is variabe, but in native words is predominantly initial.

Morphology

Nouns

Pronouns

Verbs

Adjectives

Negation

Numerals

Syntax

Constituent order

Cruckeny word order is strictly SVO outside of music, where VSO also occurs.

Noun and verb phrases

Possessors and numerals precede their heads. Adjectives follow their heads. Adverbs follow their clause.

Dependent clauses

Dependent clauses directly follow their head.

Example texts

Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 1

Linguifex-hosted translations

Conlang Atlas of Language Structures-hosted translations

Other resources

CALS