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| '''Řeuŋnie''' (lit. "of the windy region") is an a priori conlang inspired by Czech, Dutch, Cantonese, and Na'vi.
| | #redirect [[Xeno-Cantonese]] |
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| Loëdeu /lɔ.ɛ.ɟœ:/ and Oeljan /u:ʎɐn/ are the two main regions of the Řeuŋnie-speaking world.
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| ==todo==
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| Oebych oebych chál etjech /u:bɪx u:bɪx xa:l ɛcɛx/ 'we have a lot of mountains'
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| ===Words===
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| * etj 'there is', etjech 'there are'
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| * chál 'mountain'
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| * 1: mál, 2: saep, 3: gej, 4: ádoš, 5: oez, 6: veunt, 7: ilem, 8: louč, 9: mutj, 10: báj
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| * ''euj'' = (literary) lo, behold
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| * ''čeudj'' 'town'
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| * oebych oebych = (ideo) plentiful
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| * uistř 'self'
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| * uistřft 'independence'
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| * beuklopán 'fractal; microcosm'
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| * beuklop 'to repeat on a smaller scale'
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| * čétijn 'always'
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| * {{ng}}oeáj = to approach
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| * {{ng}}oeáján = (mathematics) limit
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| * achop = to approximate
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| * ach- = near
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| * ze = and (Polish i)
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| * de = and (Polish a)
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| * Naë{{ng}} = [[Naeng]]
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| * neu 'sea'
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| * neuákoe{{ng}} 'coast'
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| * {{ng}}oëft 'pathos, grieving'
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| * Loëdeu /lɔ.ɛ.ɟœ:/, Oeljan /u:ʎɐn/ --- the two main regions of the Řeuŋnie-speaking world
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| * {{ng}}ok 'wild goose'
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| ===Diachronics===
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| # w is lost leading to hiatus, kw gw xw -> w
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| #OSL | |
| #Czech-like depalatalization and hard/soft vowel splits
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| #Palatalization-dependent GVS, then another depalatalization?
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| #Old Řeuŋnie ć dź ś ź merge into c z s z
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| #n- > l- (unless assimilating)
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| ==Test==
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| ''Woeŋanies uistřeft melouk lo vahrádyvijŋ, ar mezryz wodmyce bacirnje řeunie aš ŋávej tjemzánisie. Evloedr wie doezanejne hář, po ryhoteuŋ.''
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| ==Phonology==
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| "Czech with more vowels and simpler phonotactics" or "Play up the Dutch in Czech"
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| ===Consonants===
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| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
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| ! colspan="2" scope="row"|
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| ! colspan="2" scope="col"|Labial
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| ! colspan="2" scope="col"|Alveolar
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| ! colspan="2" scope="col"|Palatal(ized)
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| ! colspan="2" scope="col"|Velar
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" scope="row"|Nasal
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| | colspan="2"|'''m''' /m/
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| | colspan="2"|'''n''' /n/
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| | colspan="2"|'''nj''' /ɲ/
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| |colspan="2"|'''ŋ''' /ŋ/
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" scope="row"|Plosive
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| |'''p''' /p/
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| |'''b''' /b/
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| |'''t''' /t/
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| |'''d''' /d/
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| |'''tj''' /c/
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| |'''dj''' /ɟ/
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| |'''k''' /k/
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" scope="row"|Fricative
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| |'''f''' /f/
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| |'''v''' /v/
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| |'''s, š''' /s{{ret}}/
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| |'''z, ž''' /z{{ret}}/
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| |'''ch''' /x/
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| |'''g''' /{{gh}}/
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" scope="row"|Affricate
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| | colspan="2"|
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| |'''c, č''' /ts{{ret}}/
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| | colspan="2"|
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| | colspan="2"|
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" scope="row"|Flap
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| | colspan="2"|
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| | colspan="2"|'''r''' /ɾ/
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| | colspan="2"|
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| | colspan="2"|
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" scope="row"|Trill
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| | colspan="2"|
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| | colspan="2"|'''ř''' /r~r̥/
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| | colspan="2"|
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| | colspan="2"|
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" scope="row"|Approximant
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| | colspan="2"|'''w''' /w/
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| | colspan="2"|'''l''' /l~ɫ/
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| | colspan="2"|'''j''' /j/, '''lj''' /ʎ/
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| |}
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| '''m n ŋ l r''' can be syllabic; when syllabic they are written '''ḿ ń ŋ́ ĺ ŕ''' and have the same length as long vowels.
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| Voiceless stops are unaspirated as in Dutch and Czech.
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| Obstruent voicing assimilation as in Slavic.
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| Glottal reinforcement, but no gemination
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| /l/ has the same l~ɫ allophony as in RP; vocalization of dark L to [w] possible
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| In the Oeljanian accent, '''r''' is always a tap [ɾ]. In the Loëdeuan accent, '''r''' can be uvular.
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| In the Oeljanian accent, '''ř''' is realized as a voiceless trill [r̥] in voiceless environments (word-finally and adjacent to a voiceless consonant). In the Loëdeuan accent, '''ř''' is always voiceless [r̥]. In dialects, '''ř''' is variously pronounced like [r̝] (the Czech ''ř''), [ʐ], [ʂ], [ʒ], [ʃ], or [ð], or merges with '''r'''.
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| ====Notes on consonant diachronics====
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| Řeuŋnie shows debuccalization of Proto-Idavic *g to '''h''' /ʕ/; compare Dutch, Czech and Ukrainian. Proto-Nabŋaic *b has shifted to '''v'''. /p b g/ are loan phonemes.
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| Proto-Idavic *ť ď has shifted to '''*č dž''' > '''c z'''.
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| ===Vowels===
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| The spelling of Řeuŋnie vowels reflects a shift similar to the Great Vowel Shift (cf. Common Czech and Dutch), which also affects loanwords borrowed before the shift, such as most Netagin loans in Řeuŋnie.
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| '''a ae/e/je i/y o u á é ij/ei ó ú eu/ui ie oe ou''' /ɐ ɛ ɪ ɔ ɵ aː ɛː ɛɪ~ɪj ɔː yː~ʉː œː ɪː uː oʊ/
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| Closer allophones [ɪj~eɪ] of /ɛɪ/ are more common after palatals /c ɟ ɲ ʎ/.
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| *'''je i ie ij eu''' are palatalizing; all other orthographic vowels are nonpalatalizing.
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| **For C = '''b p v f''', '''Cje Ceu Cí''' denote /Cjɛ Cjœː Cjɛɪ/; '''mje meu mij''' denotes /mɲɛ mɲœː mɲɛɪ/.
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| **For C = '''d t n l''', '''Cje Ci Cie Cij Ceu''' denote /ɟ c ɲ ʎ/ + vowel.
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| *'''ó''' mostly occurs in loanwords from [[Netagin]].
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| ====Notes on vowel diachronics====
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| Řeuŋnie has lost Proto-Nabŋaic vowel length. Pre-Proto-Nabŋaic i u e a ī ū ē ā become e o e a i y ě o when not lengthened. Some vowel devoicing has occurred (cf. Japanese), which gave Řeuŋnie more consonant clusters.
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| Long vowels result from open-syllable lengthening (OSL): **čettijn > *četijn; **četijn > *čétijn. OSL occurred before the devoicing, making the Ourefr distribution of long vowels somewhat similar to Czech.
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| Modern '''ie ý/í oe ú''' result from older 'ää ý/í ó ú. Old Řeuŋnie u, ú has shifted to i, ij after soft consonants ''j č ž š ň *ľ ř''.
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| Palatalizing '''eu''' /œː/ is common in native words. Common sources are:
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| *Old Řeuŋnie /æː/ before velars or /l/: for example, ''řeuŋ'' /rœːŋ/ 'wind' comes from Old Řeuŋnie ''řa̋ŋ'' < PNab ''*rěŋu'' < PId ''*renwi''.
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| *Old Řeuŋnie long /joː/, coming from PId /ew/ or /iw/.
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| Non-palatalizing '''ui''' /œː/ comes mostly from historical ''*ujV'' or loanwords.
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| As suggested by the spelling, '''ŕ''' /ɜː/ comes from syllabic ''r''.
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| ===Historically hard-soft vowel pairs===
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| *hard y ~ soft i
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| *hard u ~ soft i
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| *hard a ~ soft ě
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| *hard ei ~ soft ij
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| *hard á ~ soft ie/eu
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| *hard ou ~ soft eu
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| *hard ui ~ soft eu
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| *hard oe ~ soft ie
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| *hard ú ~ soft ij
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| Long vowels result from OSL ćettijn > cetijn; ćetijn > cétijn
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| ==Syntax==
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| Lifted from Korean and Japanese; completely head-final except in poetry.
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| ==Poetry==
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| Piyyut-like rhyming (i.e. last syllables agree) is the most common way to rhyme two words.
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| ==Sample text==
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| ===UDHR===
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| ''Tkanje beušij na giečti kfa botsijné vo, oedḿŋoïl ze wakŕvil páčta navŕsijnéc. Beušij na toudžḿnil rachúbinil ze mačijdil sfášijm vo, iezoer oŋužeuv lama dŕmi ŋ́ku-teuzimi wášil ecsáš goezách mienic.''
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| [[Category:Languages]]
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| [[Category:Conlangs]]
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