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Iwá'a Tui: Difference between revisions

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'''Iwá'a Tui ''' [iˈwɐ.ʔa ˈtu.i] is a language spoken by a seafaring culture known as the Tui people. The name Iwá'a Tui comes from the phrase ''iwaak-a tui'' [iˈwaːk̚.a ˈtu.i] (or, colloquially, ''iwaag-a toi'' [iˈwaː.ɠa ˈto.i]) meaning "voice of the people".
'''Iwáxa Tui ''' [iˈwɐ.ʔa ˈtu.i] is a language spoken by a seafaring culture known as the Tui people. The name Iwáxa Tui comes from the phrase ''iwaak'a tui'' [iˈwaːk̚.a ˈtu.i] (or, colloquially, ''iwaag'a toi'' [iˈwaː.ɠa ˈto.i]) meaning "voice of the people".


Iwá'a Tui is a mainly analytic language with few non-interacting affixes.  
Iwáxa Tui is a mainly analytic language with few non-interacting affixes.  


== Phonology ==
== Phonology ==
A comprehensive phonological analysis of Iwá'a Tui has not been conducted, so the information present in this article is subject to change as more research is done.
A comprehensive phonological analysis of Iwáxa Tui has not been conducted, so the information present in this article is subject to change as more research is done.


=== Consonants ===
=== Consonants ===
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|ñ
|ñ
|p
|p
|p- ~ b-
|p' ~ b'
|b
|b
|th
|th
|t
|t
|t- ~ d-
|t' ~ d'
|ch
|ts
|kh
|kh
|k
|k
|k- ~ g-
|k' ~ g'
|g
|g
|'
|x
|ph
|ph
|f
|f
|z
|z
|s
|s
|x
|ch
|h
|h
|w
|w
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=== Stress ===
=== Stress ===
Iwá'a Tui has phonemic primary and secondary stress.
Iwáxa Tui has phonemic primary and secondary stress.


=== Phonotactics ===
=== Phonotactics ===
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== Grammar ==
== Grammar ==
=== Honorific Speech ===
=== Honorific Speech ===
Many of Iwá'a Tui's words have 2 or 3 forms reflecting respect toward their referent and give a literary implication. Formal registers include more honorific word forms than informal registers, but still can occur often in informal registers.  
Many of Iwáxa Tui's words have 2 or 3 forms reflecting respect toward their referent and give a literary implication. Formal registers include more honorific word forms than informal registers, but still can occur often in informal registers.  


When words have two honorific forms, one is the standard word and the other is the honorific word. When they have three, the third is often used by children and is honor-neutral, but viewed in concept as lesser than the standard form.
When words have two honorific forms, one is the standard word and the other is the honorific word. When they have three, the third is often used by children and is honor-neutral, but viewed in concept as lesser than the standard form.
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=== Head Order ===
=== Head Order ===
Iwá'a Tui is mainly head-final, but head-initiality can occur when giving emphasis or importance to a word.  
Iwáxa Tui is mainly head-final, but head-initiality can occur when giving emphasis or importance to a word.  


For non-verb phrases, this only occurs for one phrase in a sentence, if any, in typical registers. However, in very formal speech, a sentence will often contain many head-initial phrases, particularly for anything related to the addressee, people, nations, symbols, culturally important objects, and personally respected nouns or qualities.  
For non-verb phrases, this only occurs for one phrase in a sentence, if any, in typical registers. However, in very formal speech, a sentence will often contain many head-initial phrases, particularly for anything related to the addressee, people, nations, symbols, culturally important objects, and personally respected nouns or qualities.  
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== Vocabulary ==
== Vocabulary ==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
! Iwá'a Tui
! Iwáxa Tui
! English
! English
! Notes
! Notes
|-
|-
|'''yu-i''' [ˈju.i]
|'''yu'i''' [ˈju.i]
|clothes
|clothes
|
|
|-
|-
|'''yu-itai''' [ˈju.i.tai]
|'''yu'itai''' [ˈju.i.tai]
|clothes
|clothes
|Clothes when worn on the body or high-class clothing. Evolved from the honorific form of ''yu-i''.
|Clothes when worn on the body or high-class clothing. Evolved from the honorific form of ''yu-i''.
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|
|
|-
|-
|'''gá'in''' [ˈɡɐ.ʔin]
|'''gáxin''' [ˈɡɐ.ʔin]
|music
|music
|
|
|-
|-
|'''gé'in''' [ˈɡə.ʔin]
|'''géxin''' [ˈɡə.ʔin]
|music (honorific)
|music (honorific)
|Used much more often than ''gá'in''.
|Used much more often than ''gáxin''.
|-
|-
|'''thamwi''' [ˈtʰam.wi]
|'''thamwi''' [ˈtʰam.wi]
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|
|
|-
|-
|'''telehe-i''' [ˌte.leˈhe.i]
|'''telehe'i''' [ˌte.leˈhe.i]
|major river
|major river
|Refers to a large, thick, or culturally/politically/ecologically important river. Evolved from the honorific form of ''telehi''.
|Refers to a large, thick, or culturally/politically/ecologically important river. Evolved from the honorific form of ''telehi''.
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|
|
|-
|-
|'''khaa-i''' [ˈkʰaː.i]
|'''khaa'i''' [ˈkʰaː.i]
|foot
|foot
|
|
|-
|-
|'''okhaa-i''' [ˈoˌkʰaː.i]
|'''okhaa'i''' [ˈoˌkʰaː.i]
|leg
|leg
|Not including its foot.
|Not including its foot.
|-
|-
|'''mut-tha''' [mut̚ˈtʰa]
|'''mut'tha''' [mut̚ˈtʰa]
|leg
|leg
|The leg and its foot.
|The leg and its foot.
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|Prefixed to the destination.
|Prefixed to the destination.
|-
|-
|'''ele-i''' [e.leˈi]
|'''ele'i''' [e.leˈi]
|to be going
|to be going
|Does not specify destination, used when the destination is implied or unnecessary to mention.
|Does not specify destination, used when the destination is implied or unnecessary to mention.
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|Used as an adjective. The path in question must be chosen, not unintentional.
|Used as an adjective. The path in question must be chosen, not unintentional.
|-
|-
|'''to'ikare''' [ˈto.ʔiˈka.ɾe]
|'''toxikare''' [ˈto.ʔiˈka.ɾe]
|computer
|computer
|
|
|-
|-
|'''to'ikäle''' [ˈto.ʔiˌkæ.le]
|'''toxikäle''' [ˈto.ʔiˌkæ.le]
|computer (honorific)
|computer (honorific)
|
|
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|To observe without focus and not for a long time; to happen to see.
|To observe without focus and not for a long time; to happen to see.
|-
|-
|'''oto'i''' [oˌtoˈʔi]
|'''otoxi''' [oˌtoˈʔi]
|to glimpse
|to glimpse
|Also used for hardly being able to see.
|Also used for hardly being able to see.
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