Mirmio: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox language | {{Infobox language|image=|imagesize=200px|imagecaption=Flag of the KWMs language|name=Mirmio|nativename=Mihirmio|pronunciation=mʲiɽ˨˦˨.mʲi͡o|pronunciation_key=|state=|setting=|created=2026|familycolor=isolate|ancestor=|creator=Suqi|dia1=|stand1=|script1=Latn, TBD|nation=|agency=|map=|mapsize=|mapcaption=|notice=IPA}}'''Mirmio''' {{Ipa|/ˈmiːɹ.miː.oʊ/}}, natively spelled '''Mihirmio''' {{Ipa|[mʲiɽ˨˦˨.mʲi͡o]}}, is an artistic language. | ||
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'''Mirmio''' {{Ipa|/ˈmiːɹ.miː.oʊ/}}, natively spelled '''Mihirmio''' {{Ipa|[mʲiɽ˨˦˨.mʲi͡o]}}, is an artistic language. | |||
== Phonology == | == Phonology == | ||
=== Consonants === | === Consonants === | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| Line 126: | Line 100: | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|}ɽ > ⁿɾ̼ / V_V | |} | ||
ɽ > ⁿɾ̼ / V_V | |||
t͡ɬ t͡ɬʷ t͡σ̠ t͡ɕ > t͡l̥ t͡l̥ʷ d͡ƍ₋ d͡ʑ / #_ !”_ | t͡ɬ t͡ɬʷ t͡σ̠ t͡ɕ > t͡l̥ t͡l̥ʷ d͡ƍ₋ d͡ʑ / #_ !”_ | ||
| Line 134: | Line 109: | ||
/kʷʰ/ and /kʷ/ do not appear before front vowels. | /kʷʰ/ and /kʷ/ do not appear before front vowels. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!IPA | !IPA | ||
!/mʲ/ | !/mʲ/ | ||
| Line 169: | Line 143: | ||
|nj | |nj | ||
|p | |p | ||
| | |kvh | ||
|b | |b | ||
|c | |c | ||
|cv | |cv | ||
| | |kj | ||
| | |kv | ||
|q | |q | ||
| | |tl | ||
| | |tlv | ||
| | |f | ||
| | |z | ||
|xj | |xj | ||
|x | |x | ||
|k | |k | ||
| | |s | ||
| | |sv | ||
|wj | |wj | ||
|rj | |rj | ||
|y | |y | ||
| | |g | ||
|w | |w | ||
|l | |l | ||
| Line 230: | Line 204: | ||
| | | | ||
|ch | |ch | ||
| | |cvh | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | |ts | ||
| | |tsv | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dj | ||
| | |djv | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dl | ||
| | |dlv | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== Vowels === | === Vowels === | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| Line 381: | Line 356: | ||
|i | |i | ||
|ĩ | |ĩ | ||
| | |ú | ||
| | |ü | ||
|u | |u | ||
|ũ | |ũ | ||
| | |ù | ||
|e | |e | ||
|ẽ | |ẽ | ||
| | |á | ||
| | |ä | ||
|o | |o | ||
|õ | |õ | ||
| | |ò | ||
|a | |a | ||
|ã | |ã | ||
| | |à | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== Tones === | === Tones === | ||
There are four phonemic tones: rising <ah>, falling <a'>, dipping <a'a>, and peaking <aha>, but there is also tonelessness <a>. Long vowels cannot have tone. Coda sonorants can receive tone, but not if the nucleus does not have a tone. If one coda sonorant has tone, all of that syllable's coda sonorants must also have tone. Diphthongs can receive the same tones as monophthongs. One syllable cannot have more than two tonal morae. | There are four phonemic tones: rising <ah>, falling <a'>, dipping <a'a>, and peaking <aha>, but there is also tonelessness <a>. Long vowels cannot have tone. Coda sonorants can receive tone, but not if the nucleus does not have a tone. If one coda sonorant has tone, all of that syllable's coda sonorants must also have tone. Diphthongs can receive the same tones as monophthongs. One syllable cannot have more than two tonal morae. | ||
Tonal and toneless vowels may be adjacent. To orthographically distinguish /a˥˩.a/ and /a˩˥.a/ from /a˦˨˦/ and /a˨˦˨/, the former pair are romanized <a'ha> and <ah'a>, respectively. To orthographically distinguish | Tonal and toneless vowels may be adjacent. To orthographically distinguish /a˥˩.a/ and /a˩˥.a/ from /a˦˨˦/ and /a˨˦˨/, the former pair are romanized <a'ha> and <ah'a>, respectively. To orthographically distinguish vowel clusters from diphthonhs, the vowels are separated by <v>. Tonal diphthongs are marked <au'> for rising, <auh> for falling, <a'u> for dipping, and <ahu> for peaking. | ||
=== Syllables and Morae === | === Syllables and Morae === | ||
The language uses morae and syllables. One vowel in a nucleus counts as one mora. Onset consonants count as 0 morae. Each coda consonant counts as one mora. Sonorants that follow an obstruent in intrasyllabic clusters are allophonically preceded by an extra-short vowel. When avoiding phonemic ambiguity, syllable breaks are romanized with an apostrophe <'>, or with <v> in the case of falling and dipping tone coda consonants. | The language uses morae and syllables. One vowel in a nucleus counts as one mora. Onset consonants count as 0 morae. Each coda consonant counts as one mora. Sonorants that follow an obstruent in intrasyllabic clusters are allophonically preceded by an extra-short vowel. When avoiding phonemic ambiguity, syllable breaks are romanized with an apostrophe <'>, or with <v> in the case of falling and dipping tone coda consonants. | ||
== Syntax == | == Syntax == | ||
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=== Parts of Speech === | === Parts of Speech === | ||
Mirmio has only three parts of speech: nouns and verbs. | Mirmio has only three parts of speech: nouns and verbs. | ||
Underlyingly, there are no words that can function as adjectives, adverbs, or adpositions. Rather, Mirmio uses relative clauses to convey lexical modification. This may result in only a singular modifier word if AV word order for the relative clause is used, creating the appearance of a modifier. Similarly, relative clauses with IAV, IVA, or VIA structures can give the appearance of a preposition or postposition. | Underlyingly, there are no words that can function as adjectives, adverbs, or adpositions. Rather, Mirmio uses relative clauses to convey lexical modification. This may result in only a singular modifier word if AV word order for the relative clause is used, creating the appearance of a modifier. Similarly, relative clauses with IAV, IVA, or VIA structures can give the appearance of a preposition or postposition. | ||
=== Subordinate Clauses === | === Subordinate Clauses === | ||
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==== Content Clauses ==== | ==== Content Clauses ==== | ||
Mirmio can sbustitute both noun and verb positions with a content clause. Uninflected content clauses are marked with a preclitic (''tl-'' before a vowel, ''tlõ-'' before a consonant) attached to the first word of the content clause. | Mirmio can sbustitute both noun and verb positions with a content clause. Uninflected content clauses are marked with a preclitic (''tl-'' before a vowel, ''tlõ-'' before a consonant) attached to the first word of the content clause. | ||
Inflected content clauses replace the preclitic with a complementizer (''tlõ'') preceding the content clause and inflected in whichever way the clause would be. | Inflected content clauses replace the preclitic with a complementizer (''tlõ'') preceding the content clause and inflected in whichever way the clause would be. | ||
==== Relative Clauses ==== | ==== Relative Clauses ==== | ||
Relative clauses in Mirmio encompass both adjectival and adverbial clauses as they have the same behavior in the language. Although relative clauses can have the same underlying word order as independent clauses, the word that is being modified by the relative clause is always omitted inside of the relative clause. | Relative clauses in Mirmio encompass both adjectival and adverbial clauses as they have the same behavior in the language. Although relative clauses can have the same underlying word order as independent clauses, the word that is being modified by the relative clause is always omitted inside of the relative clause. | ||
There are two classes of relative marker: continuous and discontinuous, both of which precede the relative clause and connect it back to its modifiee, but the continuous marker appears directly after the modifiee and the discontinuous modifier appears after another, previous relative clause (if present) modifying the same word. Similar to content clauses, inflected markers are complementizers and uninflected markers are clitics, however relative marker clitics are attached to the word preceding the relative clause rather than the first word in the relative clause. | There are two classes of relative marker: continuous and discontinuous, both of which precede the relative clause and connect it back to its modifiee, but the continuous marker appears directly after the modifiee and the discontinuous modifier appears after another, previous relative clause (if present) modifying the same word. Similar to content clauses, inflected markers are complementizers and uninflected markers are clitics, however relative marker clitics are attached to the word preceding the relative clause rather than the first word in the relative clause. | ||
Relative markers mark the modifiee's role in the relative clause, removing the ambiguity that would result from omitting one of the words. This role does not have to be the same role that the word fills in the clause its inside of. | Relative markers mark the modifiee's role in the relative clause, removing the ambiguity that would result from omitting one of the words. This role does not have to be the same role that the word fills in the clause its inside of. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! rowspan="2" |Relative Markers | ! rowspan="2" |Relative Markers | ||
| Line 443: | Line 419: | ||
|cvoh | |cvoh | ||
|õõn | |õõn | ||
| | |kjĩ'ĩ | ||
|lee | |lee | ||
| | |ge | ||
|ŏ'k | |ŏ'k | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 477: | Line 453: | ||
|cvoh | |cvoh | ||
|õõhn | |õõhn | ||
| | |kjĩh | ||
|leh | |leh | ||
| | |geh | ||
|ŏhk | |ŏhk | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| -(a)hy | | -(a)hy | ||
| -ŭh, -hw | | -ŭh, -hw | ||
|} | |||
== Translations == | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
| colspan="7" |'''Djá'uku': Svefùùgkvh kvùùrfee djá'uku'.''' | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="7" |{{Ipa|[d͡ʑɜʊ̯˦˨˦χʊ˥˩ {{!}} ɬʷeθ̼ʊ̙ːɰkʷʰ kʷʊ̙ːɽθ̼eː d͡ʑɜʊ̯˦˨˦χʊ˥˩]}} | |||
|- | |||
|Zá'uku' | |||
|Sve- | |||
|fùùgkvh | |||
|kvùù | |||
| -r | |||
| -fee | |||
|zá'uku' | |||
|- | |||
|<code>horse</code> | |||
|<code>RLS-</code> | |||
|<code>store</code> | |||
|<code>knowledge.COLL</code> | |||
|<code>-CEL</code> | |||
|<code>-all</code> | |||
|<code>horse</code> | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="7" |*Horse: All-knowledge stores horse | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="7" |“Horse: Everyone knows what a horse is.” | |||
|} | |} | ||
== Lexicon == | == Lexicon == | ||
kòu' {{Ipa|[kʲɔ̙͡u̯˥˩]}} (dog) | |||
mihir {{Ipa|[mʲiɽ˨˦˨]}} (cat) | mihir {{Ipa|[mʲiɽ˨˦˨]}} (cat) | ||