|
|
| Line 158: |
Line 158: |
| ! rowspan=2 | | | ! rowspan=2 | |
| ! colspan=2 | Front | | ! colspan=2 | Front |
| ! rowspan=2 | Central
| |
| ! rowspan=2 | Back | | ! rowspan=2 | Back |
| |- | | |- |
| Line 167: |
Line 166: |
| | i | | | i |
| | y | | | y |
| |
| |
| | u | | | u |
| |- | | |- |
| Line 173: |
Line 171: |
| | e | | | e |
| | ø | | | ø |
| |
| |
| | o | | | o |
| |- | | |- |
| ! Mid-Low | | ! Mid-Low |
| | ɛ | | | ɛ |
| |
| |
| | | | | |
| | ɔ | | | ɔ |
| Line 185: |
Line 181: |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | ɐ
| |
| | ɑ | | | ɑ |
| |- | | |- |
| |} | | |} |
|
| |
|
| #All vowels except /ɐ/ can be long, /u, y/ can be overlong (from Old Norse /uːl, yːl/) | | #All vowels can be long, /u, y/ can be overlong (from Proto-Norse /uːl, yːl/) |
|
| |
|
| ===Nygadsnorsk=== | | ===Nygadsnorsk=== |
| Line 247: |
Line 242: |
| #/b, d, g/ becomes /p, t, k/ next to voiceless stops and /s/, but not /f/, which becomes /v/ next to these consonants. | | #/b, d, g/ becomes /p, t, k/ next to voiceless stops and /s/, but not /f/, which becomes /v/ next to these consonants. |
| #It is extremely common to turn word initial /x/ into /k/, roughly 65% to 70% of native speakers do so. | | #It is extremely common to turn word initial /x/ into /k/, roughly 65% to 70% of native speakers do so. |
| ##Proper names form a major exception to this. | | #:Proper names form a major exception to this. |
| #/v/ is /ʋ/ following a consonant (eg. /Cv/ = /Cʋ/), and for some speakers, word initially. | | #/v/ is /ʋ/ following a consonant (eg. /Cv/ = /Cʋ/), and for some speakers, word initially. |
| #Realized as /t, p/ before /n, m/ (as in "ormj" /opmʲ/). Additionally, /rs/ may be realized as [t͡s]. | | #Realized as /t, p/ before /n, m/ (as in "ormj" /opmʲ/). Additionally, /rs/ may be realized as [t͡s]. |
| #All stops have different values when geminated in coda position (Meaning when the geminate isn't split across syllables), they are:
| |
| :::Nasals: "mm, nn" /pm, tn/
| |
| :::Voiceless: "pp, tt, kk" /ʰp, ʰt, ʰk/
| |
| :::Voiced: "bb, dd, gg" /v, z, g/
| |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| Line 260: |
Line 251: |
| ! rowspan=2 | | | ! rowspan=2 | |
| ! colspan=2 | Front | | ! colspan=2 | Front |
| ! rowspan=2 | Central
| |
| ! rowspan=2 | Back | | ! rowspan=2 | Back |
| |- | | |- |
| Line 269: |
Line 259: |
| | i | | | i |
| | y | | | y |
| |
| |
| | u | | | u |
| |- | | |- |
| Line 275: |
Line 264: |
| | e | | | e |
| | ø | | | ø |
| |
| |
| | o | | | o |
| |- | | |- |
| ! Mid-Low | | ! Mid-Low |
| | ɛ | | | ɛ |
| |
| |
| | | | | |
| | ɔ | | | ɔ |
| Line 287: |
Line 274: |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | ɐ
| |
| | ɑ | | | ɑ |
| |- | | |- |
| |} | | |} |
|
| |
|
| #All vowels except /ɐ/ can be long, and the round vowels (/u, o, ɔ, y, ø/) can be overlong. | | #All vowels can be long and overlong. |
| | |
| ===Jugsnorsk===
| |
| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan=2 |
| |
| ! Labial
| |
| ! Dental
| |
| ! Alveolar
| |
| ! Velar
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan=2 | Nasal
| |
| | m
| |
| |
| |
| | n
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan=3 | Stop
| |
| ! Unvoiced
| |
| | p
| |
| |
| |
| | t
| |
| | k
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Voiced
| |
| | b
| |
| |
| |
| | d
| |
| | g
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Aspirated
| |
| | pʰ
| |
| |
| |
| | tʰ
| |
| | kʰ
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan=2 | Fricative
| |
| ! Unvoiced
| |
| | f
| |
| | θ
| |
| | s
| |
| | x
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Voiced
| |
| |
| |
| | ð
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan=2 | Approximant
| |
| | ʋ
| |
| |
| |
| | r², l
| |
| | j
| |
| |-
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| #/b, d, g/ become /p, t, k/ next to voiceless stops and /s/, but not /f/, which becomes /ʋ/ next to these consonants.
| |
| #Realized as /t, p/ before /n, m/ (as in "ormj" /opmʲ/). Additionally, /rs/ may be realized as [tʰ] (or [r̥]).
| |
| #All geminates are realized as short in coda position (Thus "Plýgg" is /ˈplʏy̯ɡ/)
| |
| | |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
| |
| |+ Stressed vowels
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan=3 |
| |
| ! colspan=6 | Front
| |
| ! rowspan=2 colspan=3 | Back
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan=3 | Unround
| |
| ! colspan=3 | Round
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Short
| |
| ! Diph.
| |
| ! Long
| |
| ! Short
| |
| ! Diph.
| |
| ! Long
| |
| ! Short
| |
| ! Diph.
| |
| ! Long
| |
| |-
| |
| ! High
| |
| | i
| |
| | ɪi̯
| |
| | iː
| |
| | y
| |
| | ʏy̯
| |
| | yː
| |
| | u
| |
| | ʊu̯
| |
| | uː
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Mid
| |
| | e
| |
| | e̞i̯
| |
| | eː
| |
| | ø
| |
| | ø̞y̯
| |
| | øː
| |
| | o
| |
| | o̞u̯
| |
| | oː
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Low
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | a
| |
| | ɐu̯
| |
| | aː
| |
| |-
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
| |
| |+ Unstressed vowels
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan=3 |
| |
| ! colspan=6 | Front
| |
| ! rowspan=2 colspan=3 | Back
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan=3 | Unround
| |
| ! colspan=3 | Round
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Short
| |
| ! Diph.
| |
| ! Long
| |
| ! Short
| |
| ! Diph.
| |
| ! Long
| |
| ! Short
| |
| ! Diph.
| |
| ! Long
| |
| |-
| |
| ! High
| |
| | ɪ
| |
| | i
| |
| | iː
| |
| | ʏ
| |
| | y
| |
| | yː
| |
| | ʊ
| |
| | u
| |
| | uː
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Mid
| |
| | ɛ
| |
| | e
| |
| | eː
| |
| | œ
| |
| | ø
| |
| | øː
| |
| | ɔ
| |
| | o
| |
| | oː
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Low
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | ɐ
| |
| | a
| |
| | aː
| |
| |-
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| Within the "long" class is also overlongs that are exceedingly rare, occurring from Old Norse /VːN/, to Varhúsnorsk /Ṽː/, then modern /Vːː/.
| |
| | |
| /ɛ, ɔ/ also exist in stressed syllables as standalone sounds, but are rather rare, occuring from initial jV/wV assimilation (see "vatn"/"ǫtn" and "jaun"/"ęun"). There are also diphthongs formed from /Vi, Vu/ that aren't in the table, these occur from various sources.
| |
|
| |
|
| ==Orthography== | | ==Orthography== |