Iskel: Difference between revisions

Suqi (talk | contribs)
Suqi (talk | contribs)
Line 5: Line 5:


== Dialects ==
== Dialects ==
There are three dialects spoken in Iskel which have different significance depending on which setting they're spoken in. The dialects are '''Lanikel''', '''Kliqel''', and '''Duskel''' (also spelled '''Dreoszkel'''). They differ primarily in phoneme inventory.
There are three dialects spoken in Iskel which have different significance depending on which setting they're spoken in. The dialects are '''Lanikel''' [lánikel], '''Kliqel''' [k͡ǁíqel], and '''Duskel''' [ɽʌʂʼkʼɛɭ] (also spelled '''Dreoszkel'''). They differ primarily in phoneme inventory.


=== Real-World ===
=== Real-World ===
Line 35: Line 35:


=== Lanikel Inventory ===
=== Lanikel Inventory ===
Lanikel's phonology is the oldest, though slight modifications have been made over time. It resembles Lanesil's parent languages English and Spanish more than the other dialects. The original phonology was /m n ɲ ŋ p b t d t͡ʃ d͡ʒ k ɡ ʔ f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ x h w ɹ j l ɾ i ɪ ʊ u e ə ʌ o a ɑ/.
Lanikel's phonology is the oldest, though slight modifications have been made over time. It resembles Lanesil's parent languages English and Spanish more than the other dialects.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |
Line 140: Line 140:
|
|
|}
|}
All consonants can be long except for /ɾ/. Geminated oral clicks have two releases, while geminated nasal click and plosives have one release with a prolonged hold. Plosives preceding other plosives always have audible released. /ʔ/ has no audible release word finally if preceded by a vowel. The consonants /ɱ n ɲ ŋ v ð z ʒ w l j w̃ l̃ j̃ ɾ ʀ/ and their long counterparts can be syllabic and receive the same pitch accents as vowels.
All consonants can be long except for /ɾ/. Plosives preceding other plosives, except themselves, or a word boundary always have an audible release. /ʔ/ has no audible release word finally if preceded by a vowel. The consonants /ɱ n ɲ ŋ v ð z ʒ w l j w̃ l̃ j̃ ɾ ʀ/ and their long counterparts can be syllabic and receive the same pitch accents as vowels.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!
!
Line 304: Line 304:
|
|
|}
|}
All consonants can be long except for /ɾ/. Geminated oral clicks have two releases, while geminated nasal click and plosives have one release with a prolonged hold. Plosives preceding other plosives always have audible released. The consonants /m n ɲ ɴ mʷ nʷ ɲʷ β ð z ʝ w l j ɾ ʀ/ and their long counterparts can be syllabic and receive the same pitch accents as vowels.
All consonants can be long except for /ɾ/. Plosives preceding other plosives, except themselves, or a word boundary always have an audible release. The consonants /m n ɲ ɴ mʷ nʷ ɲʷ β ð z ʝ w l j ɾ ʀ/ and their long counterparts can be syllabic and receive the same pitch accents as vowels.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |
! rowspan="2" |
Line 356: Line 356:
! rowspan="2" |[[w:stop_consonant|Stop]]
! rowspan="2" |[[w:stop_consonant|Stop]]
![[w:voicelessness|Voiceless]]
![[w:voicelessness|Voiceless]]
|pʰ
|[[w:aspirated_consonant|pʰ]]
|
|
|[[w:voiceless_alveolar_affricate|t͡s]]
|[[w:voiceless_alveolar_affricate|t͡s]]
Line 446: Line 446:
|
|
|}
|}
All consonants can be long except for /r/. Geminated voiceless clicks and glottalic consonants have two releases, while geminated voiced clicks and plosives have one release with a prolonged hold. Plosives preceding other plosives always have audible released. /ʔ/ has no audible release word finally if preceded by a vowel.  The consonants /m ɳ ɢ ɟ β z ʐ ɣ ʝ ɭ j ɰ r ɽ ɹ/ and their long counterparts can be syllabic and receive the same pitch accents as vowels.
All consonants can be long except for /r/. Plosives preceding other plosives, except themselves, or a word boundary always have an audible release. /ʔ/ has no audible release word finally if preceded by a vowel.  The consonants /m ɳ ɢ ɟ β z ʐ ɣ ʝ ɭ j ɰ r ɽ ɹ/ and their long counterparts can be syllabic and receive the same pitch accents as vowels.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |
! rowspan="2" |
Line 538: Line 538:
|b
|b
!/ɪ/
!/ɪ/
|ie
|ie, į
!/b/
!/b/
|b
|b
!/ɯ/
!/ɯ/
|iu
|iu, į
!/ʙ/
!/ʙ/
|b
|b
!/ɯ/
!/ɯ/
|iu
|iu, į
|-
|-
!/f/
!/f/
|f
|f
!/ɪː/
!/ɪː/
|īe
|īe, į̄
!/ɸ/
!/ɸ/
|f
|f
!/ɯː/
!/ɯː/
|īu
|īu, į̄
!/ɸ/
!/ɸ/
|f
|f
!/ɯː/
!/ɯː/
|īu
|īu, į̄
|-
|-
!/v/
!/v/
|v
|v
!/ʊ/
!/ʊ/
|uo
|uo, ų
!/β/
!/β/
|v
|v
!/ɑ/
!/ɑ/
|ao
|ao, ą
!/β/
!/β/
|v
|v
!/œ/
!/œ/
|oe
|oe, ę
|-
|-
!/w/
!/w/
|w
|w
!/ʊː/
!/ʊː/
|ūo
|ūo, ų̄
!/w/
!/w/
|w
|w
!/ɑː/
!/ɑː/
|āo
|āo, ą̄
!/ʝ/
!/ʝ/
|j
|j
!/œː/
!/œː/
|ōe
|ōe, ę̄
|-
|-
!/w̃/
!/w̃/
|ňw
|
!/u/
!/u/
|u
|u
Line 601: Line 601:
|-
|-
!/θ/
!/θ/
|th
|th, þ
!/uː/
!/uː/
!/θ/
!/θ/
|th
|th, þ
!/uː/
!/uː/
Line 614: Line 614:
|-
|-
!/ð/
!/ð/
|dh
|d
!/e/
!/e/
|e
|e
Line 627: Line 627:
|-
|-
!/ŋ͡ʇ/
!/ŋ͡ʇ/
|dn
|cn
!/eː/
!/eː/
Line 640: Line 640:
|-
|-
!/k͡ʇ/
!/k͡ʇ/
|d
|ct
!/ə/
!/ə/
|eo
|eo, ę
!/k͡ʇ/
!/k͡ʇ/
|c
|cd
!/ɛ/
!/ɛ/
|ae
|ae, ę
!/k͡ǁ/
!/k͡ǁ/
|kj
|kj
Line 655: Line 655:
|n
|n
!/əː/
!/əː/
|ēo
|ēo, ę̄
!/n/
!/n/
|n
|n
!/ɛː/
!/ɛː/
|āe
|āe, ę̄
!/ɳ/
!/ɳ/
|nr
|nr
Line 666: Line 666:
|t
|t
!/ʌ/
!/ʌ/
|oe
|oe, ǫ
!/t/
!/t/
|t
|t
!/ɤ/
!/ɤ/
|eu
|eu, ų
!/ɾ/
!/ɾ/
|d
|d
!/ʌ/
!/ʌ/
|eo
|eo, ą
|-
|-
!/d͡z/
!/d͡z/
|dz
|dz
!/ʌː/
!/ʌː/
|ōe
|ōe, ǭ
!/d͡z/
!/d͡z/
|dz
|dz
!/ɤː/
!/ɤː/
|ēu
|ēu, ų̄
!/pʼ/
!/pʼ/
|p
|p
!/ʌː/
!/ʌː/
|ēo
|ēo, ą̄
|-
|-
!/s/
!/s/
Line 700: Line 700:
|s
|s
!/ə/
!/ə/
|ea
|ea, ų
|-
|-
!/z/
!/z/
Line 713: Line 713:
|z
|z
!/əː/
!/əː/
|ēa
|ēa, ų̄
|-
|-
!/l/
!/l/
Line 729: Line 729:
|-
|-
!/l̃/
!/l̃/
|ňl
|
!/aː/
!/aː/
Line 744: Line 744:
|r
|r
!/ɑ/
!/ɑ/
|ao
|ao, ą
!/ɾ/
!/ɾ/
|r
|r
!/ɔ/
!/ɔ/
|oa
|oa, ǫ
!/r/
!/r/
|rr
|rr
!/ɔ/
!/ɔ/
|oa
|oa, ǫ
|-
|-
!/ŋ͡ǃ¡/
!/ŋ͡ǃ¡/
|qn
|
!/ɑː/
!/ɑː/
|āo
|āo, ą̄
!/ŋ͡ǃ¡/
!/ŋ͡ǃ¡/
|kn
|kn
!/ɔː/
!/ɔː/
|ōa
|ōa, ǭ
!/ŋ͡ǃ/
!/ŋ͡ǃ/
|nq
|nq
!/ɔː/
!/ɔː/
|ōa
|ōa, ǫ
|-
|-
!/k͡ǃ¡/
!/k͡ǃ¡/
|ql
|cl
!/ɱ̩/
!/ɱ̩/
|ṃ
|ṃ
Line 781: Line 781:
|-
|-
!/t͡ʃ/
!/t͡ʃ/
|ch
|ch, č
!/v̩/
!/v̩/
|ṿ
|ṿ
Line 807: Line 807:
|-
|-
!/ʃ/
!/ʃ/
|sh
|sh, š
!/w̩̃/
!/w̩̃/
|ňẉ
|ňẉ
!/ç/
!/ç/
|hy
|ch
!/m̩ʷ/
!/m̩ʷ/
|ṃů
|ṃů
Line 820: Line 820:
|-
|-
!/ʒ/
!/ʒ/
|zh
|zh, ž
!/ð̩/
!/ð̩/
|ḍ
|ḍ
Line 846: Line 846:
|-
|-
!/ʎ̝̊/
!/ʎ̝̊/
|lh
|lh, ç
!/z̩/
!/z̩/
|ẓ
|ẓ
!/ɬ/
!/ɬ/
|lh
|lh, ç
!/z̩/
!/z̩/
|ẓ
|ẓ
Line 872: Line 872:
|-
|-
!/j̃/
!/j̃/
|ňy
|
!/l̩̃/
!/l̩̃/
|ňḷ
|ňḷ
!/ɲʷ/
!/ɲʷ/
|ñů
|nẙ
!/n̩ʷ/
!/n̩ʷ/
|ṇů
|ṇů
Line 885: Line 885:
|-
|-
!/ŋ͡ǂ/
!/ŋ͡ǂ/
|
|
!/ɾ̩/
!/ɾ̩/
|ṛ
|ṛ
Line 898: Line 898:
|-
|-
!/k͡ǂ/
!/k͡ǂ/
|q
|cy
!/ɲ̩/
!/ɲ̩/
|ṇy
|ṇy
Line 941: Line 941:
|ňÿ
|ňÿ
!/k͡ʇʰ/
!/k͡ʇʰ/
|ch
|ct
!/ɲ̩ʷ/
!/ɲ̩ʷ/
|ṇẙ
|ṇẙ
Line 967: Line 967:
|ṛr
|ṛr
!/ʀ/
!/ʀ/
|gg
|g
!/ʀ̩/
!/ʀ̩/
|ṛr
|ṛr
Line 976: Line 976:
|-
|-
!/ʔ/
!/ʔ/
|c
|q
!
!
|
|