Nankôre: Difference between revisions
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root - derivation - adjective - demonstrative/decessives | root - derivation - adjective - demonstrative/decessives | ||
==== Adjectival Suffixes ==== | ===== Adjectival Suffixes ===== | ||
Nankôre lacks a separate word class for adjectives. They may be expressed as attributive verbs, e.g. ''Aryak neshkak itá'', "Aryak is smart", ''Kanko shoykar itá'', "Kanko (an indigenous vegetable) is good" (for your health), or a suffix may be attached to the noun it modifies. These suffixes are called adjectival suffixes. Some of these suffixes are etymologically derived from an attributive verb, e.g. ''-kerek'' > ''karyak itá'' "to be red". Others appear to be derived from separate roots, c.f. "''Aryak-arku''", ("clever Aryak") vs ''"Aryak neshkak itá"'' ("Aryak is clever"). Theoretically an unlimited number of suffixes may be appended to the noun, but in practice the number of adjectival suffixes seldom exceeds three. The suffixes may appear in any order, so long as the meaning is comprehensible. Nevertheless it appears that scope determines the ordering of the suffixes: suffixes with wider scope tend to appear towards the end e.g. "''Kenenkor-pita-shune-une itá''" (bed plush-red-soft-very 3S.COP ) "It is a very soft, red and plush bed." | Nankôre lacks a separate word class for adjectives. They may be expressed as attributive verbs, e.g. ''Aryak neshkak itá'', "Aryak is smart", ''Kanko shoykar itá'', "Kanko (an indigenous vegetable) is good" (for your health), or a suffix may be attached to the noun it modifies. These suffixes are called adjectival suffixes. Some of these suffixes are etymologically derived from an attributive verb, e.g. ''-kerek'' > ''karyak itá'' "to be red". Others appear to be derived from separate roots, c.f. "''Aryak-arku''", ("clever Aryak") vs ''"Aryak neshkak itá"'' ("Aryak is clever"). Theoretically an unlimited number of suffixes may be appended to the noun, but in practice the number of adjectival suffixes seldom exceeds three. The suffixes may appear in any order, so long as the meaning is comprehensible. Nevertheless it appears that scope determines the ordering of the suffixes: suffixes with wider scope tend to appear towards the end e.g. "''Kenenkor-pita-shune-une itá''" (bed plush-red-soft-very 3S.COP ) "It is a very soft, red and plush bed." | ||
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# Other Attributes | # Other Attributes | ||
===== Demonstrative Clitics ===== | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" | |||
|- | |||
! Type !! Spatial !! English Translation !! Example | |||
|- | |||
| '''Proximal '''|| =shkoro || this one near me; now || nan=ishkoro "this man here"; oriyat=hepi "today" | |||
|- | |||
| '''Medio-Proximal''' || =hori, =ori || that one by you; just awhile ago|| nan=hori "that man next to you"; | |||
|- | |||
| '''Distal''' || =nko, =kekori || yonder, that one near him/her/them; yesterday, a few days ago|| nan=inko "yonder man"" | |||
|- | |||
| '''Invisible''' || =nanak || that one beyond the horizon, or occluded by a distant object|| nan=nanak "that man (e.g. on the other side of the mountain)" | |||
|} | |||
<!-- | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Type !! Spatial !! Temporal !! English Translation !! Example | |||
|- | |||
| Proximal || =shkoro || =hepi || this one near me; now || nan=ishkoro "this man here"; oriyat=hepi "today" | |||
|- | |||
| Medio-Proximal || =hori || =enmosh || that one by you; just awhile ago|| nan=hori "that man next to you"; | |||
|- | |||
| Distal || =nko || =kekori || yonder, that one near him/her/them; yesterday, a few days ago|| nan=inko "yonder man"; oriyat=kekori "yesterday", ono=kekori "a few days ago" | |||
|- | |||
| Invisible || =nanak || =sinkar || a long time ago|| nan=nanak "that man (e.g. on the other side of the mountain)"; oriyat=sinkar "a long time ago" | |||
|} | |||
--> | |||
====Number ==== | ====Number ==== | ||
Number is usually determined by context, but plurality can be indicated by either joining a cardinal number, a quantifier, or the plural marker ''no'' before the noun. The noun is always linked to these modifiers by the ''si-'' connective, as in ''no si-kurashno'' "the girls". | Number is usually determined by context, but plurality can be indicated by either joining a cardinal number, a quantifier, or the plural marker ''no'' before the noun. The noun is always linked to these modifiers by the ''si-'' connective, as in ''no si-kurashno'' "the girls". | ||