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| =====Present participle===== | | =====Present participle===== |
| There are two different kinds of present participles ; the regular present participle, and a so-called substantival present participle (''participe présent substantivé'').
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| *Regular present participle :
| | {| class="wikitable" |
| It is built by adding either the ending -klûenat /kɾna/ or the ending -kvi /gvi/ to the verb radical. These endings correspond directly to the present participles of the verb kalûaë : klûenat, and of the verb kavaver : kvi.
| | |+ Present Participle |
| Example : çctekvi /estegvi/, "losing".
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| *Substantival present participle :
| | ! Consonant ending !! Vowel ending |
| It is used for instance for expressing continuing action (''Il sert par exemple à transcrire l'idée d'action continue : en français, "être en train de..."''). It is built by adding the ending -m to the infinitive form.
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| Example : kavaverm /kavavm/ "having", kalûaëm /kaɾam/ "being", çctÿeëm /estɛbɾəm/ "losing".
| | | -ent /ɑ̃/ || -öħt / / |
| Example : Êü kavaqni çcteëm nda tÿmg kabbhe, "I am wasting my time"
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| Subject pronoun "I" + verb "to have" + substantival present participle of the verb "to lose" + particle "in, from, of" + "time" + possessive pronoun "mine".
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| =====Past participle===== | | =====Past participle===== |
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| The past participle is built by adding the ending -ut /y/ to the verb radical, for verbs of the first group ; and by adding the ending -ç /e/ to the verb radical, for verbs of the second group.
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| Exceptions : kalûaë : klûu /kɾy/ (or /kɾu/ ?), "been" ; kavaver : avvç /av:e/.
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| The past participle agrees in gender and number with the object of the verb :
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| {| class="wikitable" | | {| class="wikitable" |
| |+ Past participle | | |+ Past participle |
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| ! !! first group !! second group | | ! Gender/Number !! Consonant ending !! Vowel ending |
| |- | | |- |
| | Masculine singular || -ut /y/ || -ç /e/ | | | Masculine singular || -öi /i/ || -t / / |
| |- | | |- |
| | Neuter singular || -ut /y/ || -ç /e/ | | | Neuter singular || -i /i/ || -t / / |
| |- | | |- |
| | Feminine singular || -uet /y/ || -çe /e/ | | | Feminine singular || -ie /i/ || -te /t/ |
| |- | | |- |
| | Masculine plural || -uts /y/ || -çs /e/ | | | Masculine plural || -öis /i/ || -ts / / |
| |- | | |- |
| | Neuter plural || -uts /y/ || -çs /e/ | | | Neuter plural || -is /i/ || -ts / / |
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| | Feminine plural || -uets /y/ || -çes /e/ | | | Feminine plural || -ies /i/ || -tes /t/ |
| |} | | |} |
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| Example : çcteut, çcteuts, çcteuet, çcteuets /esty/.
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| ===Adjectives=== | | ===Adjectives=== |