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Ŧœlsin: Difference between revisions

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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Present|-
|+ Present
|-
! Person !! Animate !! Inanimate
! Person !! Animate !! Inanimate
|-
|-
Line 450: Line 451:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Simple Past|-
|+ Simple Past
|-
! Person !! Animate !! Inanimate
! Person !! Animate !! Inanimate
|-
|-
Line 459: Line 461:
| 3SG ''æ'' (m.), ''mæ'' (f.) || -Cĩt /i:/ ; -V͠it /j/ ; -ĭĩt /ij/ || -Cĩt /i:/ ; -Ṽ͠it /:j/ ; -ĩĩt /i:j/
| 3SG ''æ'' (m.), ''mæ'' (f.) || -Cĩt /i:/ ; -V͠it /j/ ; -ĭĩt /ij/ || -Cĩt /i:/ ; -Ṽ͠it /:j/ ; -ĩĩt /i:j/
|-
|-
| 1PL ''cæ̊n'' || -Cĩ /i:/ ; -Vi͠i /ji/ || -Cĩn /i:n/ ; -Vn /:n/
| 1PL ''cæ̊n'' || -Cĩ /i:/ ; -Vi͠i /ji/ || -Cĩ /i:/ ; -Vi͠ĩ /ji:/
|-
|-
| 2PL ''vw'' || -Cĩ /i:/ ; -Vi͠i /ji/ || Example
| 2PL ''vw'' || -Cĩ /i:/ ; -Vi͠i /ji/ || -Cĩ /i:/ ; -Vi͠ĩ /ji:/
|-
|-
| 3PL ''cæ'' (m.), ''mæhc'' (f.) || -Cin /in/ ; -Vn /n/ || Example
| 3PL ''cæ'' (m.), ''mæhc'' (f.) || -Cin /in/ ; -Vn /n/ || -Cĩn /i:n/ ; -Ṽn /:n/
|-
|-
| 2POL ''ææ̊'' || -i͠in /jin/ || Example
| 2POL ''ææ̊'' || -i͠in /jin/ || -i͠ĩn /ji:n/
|}
|}
Where C stands for a final consonant, V a final vowel, and the third case being when there is a final « i » vowel.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Indicative present|-
|+ Imperfective Past
! Person !! Verbs ending in -ƃ !! Verbs ending in -æ̊r
|-
! Person !! Animate !! Inanimate
|-
| 1SG ''æ̊'' || -æ /aj/ || -æ̃ /a:j/ or /aj:/
|-
| 2SG ''tw'' || -æc /aj/ || -æ̃c /a:j/ or /aj:/
|-
| 3SG ''æ'' (m.), ''mæ'' (f.) || -æt /aj/ || -æ̃t /a:j/ or /aj:/
|-
| 1PL ''cæ̊n'' || -mcͪæ /maj/ || -mcͪæ̃ /ma:j/ or /maj:/
|-
| 2PL ''vw'' || -ætc /ajt/ || -æ̃tc /a:jt/ or /aj:t/
|-
| 3PL ''cæ'' (m.), ''mæhc'' (f.) || -næ /naj/ || -næ̃ /na:j/ or /naj:/
|-
| 2POL ''ææ̊'' || -(i)æ <sup>1</sup> /i.aj/ || -(ĩ)æ <sup>1</sup> /i:.aj/
|}
<sup>1</sup>Only when the verb stem doesn't already end in -i (or ƿ).
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Perfect Past
|-
! Person !! Animate !! Inanimate
|-
|-
| 1SG ''æ̊'' || Example || Example
| 1SG ''æ̊'' || -æld /ald/ || -æ̃ld /a:ld/
|-
|-
| 2SG ''tw'' || Example || Example
| 2SG ''tw'' || -æcͪld /ald/ || -æ̃cͪld /a:ld/
|-
|-
| 3SG ''æ'' (m.), ''mæ'' (f.) || Example || Example
| 3SG ''æ'' (m.), ''mæ'' (f.) || -ætͪld /ald/ || -æ̃tͪld /a:ld/
|-
|-
| 1PL ''cæ̊n'' || Example || Example
| 1PL ''cæ̊n'' || -mcͪæld /mald/ || -mcͪæ̃ld /ma:ld/
|-
|-
| 2PL ''vw'' || Example || Example
| 2PL ''vw'' || -ætͪcld /ald/ || -æ̃tͪcld /a:ld/
|-
|-
| 3PL ''cæ'' (m.), ''mæhc'' (f.) || Example || Example
| 3PL ''cæ'' (m.), ''mæhc'' (f.) || -næld /nald/ || -næ̃ld /na:ld/
|-
|-
| 2POL ''ææ̊'' || Example || Example
| 2POL ''ææ̊'' || -æld /ajld/ or sometimes /aɫd/ || -æ̃ld /a:jld/ or sometimes /aɫ:d/
|}
|}


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Indicative present|-
|+ Pluperfect
! Person !! Verbs ending in -ƃ !! Verbs ending in -æ̊r
|-
! Person !! Animate !! Inanimate
|-
|-
| 1SG ''æ̊'' || Example || Example
| 1SG ''æ̊'' || -nild /nild/ || -nĩld /ni:ld/
|-
|-
| 2SG ''tw'' || Example || Example
| 2SG ''tw'' || -nicͪld /nild/ || -nĩcͪld /ni:ld/
|-
|-
| 3SG ''æ'' (m.), ''mæ'' (f.) || Example || Example
| 3SG ''æ'' (m.), ''mæ'' (f.) || -nitͪld /nild/ || -nĩtͪld /ni:ld/
|-
|-
| 1PL ''cæ̊n'' || Example || Example
| 1PL ''cæ̊n'' || -ni͠ild /njild/ || -ni͠ĩld /nji:ld/
|-
|-
| 2PL ''vw'' || Example || Example
| 2PL ''vw'' || -ni͠ild /njild/ || -ni͠ĩld /nji:ld/
|-
|-
| 3PL ''cæ'' (m.), ''mæhc'' (f.) || Example || Example
| 3PL ''cæ'' (m.), ''mæhc'' (f.) || -nd /nd/ || Example
|-
|-
| 2POL ''ææ̊'' || Example || Example
| 2POL ''ææ̊'' || -i͠ild /jild/ || -i͠ĩld /ji:ld/
|}
|}


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Indicative present|-
|+ Simple Future
! Person !! Verbs ending in -ƃ !! Verbs ending in -æ̊r
|-
! Person !! Animate !! Inanimate
|-
|-
| 1SG ''æ̊'' || Example || Example
| 1SG ''æ̊'' || -ræ̊ /ʁja/ || -ræ̊̃ /ʁja:/
|-
|-
| 2SG ''tw'' || Example || Example
| 2SG ''tw'' || -ræ̊c /ʁja/ || -ræ̊̃c /ʁja:/
|-
|-
| 3SG ''æ'' (m.), ''mæ'' (f.) || Example || Example
| 3SG ''æ'' (m.), ''mæ'' (f.) || -ræ̊t /ʁja/ || -ræ̊̃t /ʁja:/
|-
|-
| 1PL ''cæ̊n'' || Example || Example
| 1PL ''cæ̊n'' || -rĭĩ /ʁij/ || -rĩĩ /ʁi:j/
|-
|-
| 2PL ''vw'' || Example || Example
| 2PL ''vw'' || -rĭĩ /ʁij/ || -rĩĩ /ʁi:j/
|-
|-
| 3PL ''cæ'' (m.), ''mæhc'' (f.) || Example || Example
| 3PL ''cæ'' (m.), ''mæhc'' (f.) || -ri͠e /ʁje/ || -ri͠ẽ /ʁje:/
|-
|-
| 2POL ''ææ̊'' || Example || Example
| 2POL ''ææ̊'' || -ræ /ʁaj/ || -ræ̃ /ʁa:j/ or /ʁaj:/
|}
|}


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Indicative present|-
|+ Future Perfect
! Person !! Verbs ending in -ƃ !! Verbs ending in -æ̊r
|-
! Person !! Animate !! Inanimate
|-
|-
| 1SG ''æ̊'' || Example || Example
| 1SG ''æ̊'' || -ræ̊ld /ʁjald/ || -ræ̊̃ld /ʁja:ld/
|-
|-
| 2SG ''tw'' || Example || Example
| 2SG ''tw'' || -ræ̊cͪld /ʁjald/ || -ræ̊̃cͪld /ʁja:ld/
|-
|-
| 3SG ''æ'' (m.), ''mæ'' (f.) || Example || Example
| 3SG ''æ'' (m.), ''mæ'' (f.) || -ræ̊tͪld /ʁjald/ || -ræ̊̃tͪld /ʁja:ld/
|-
|-
| 1PL ''cæ̊n'' || Example || Example
| 1PL ''cæ̊n'' || -rĭĩld /ʁi:ld/ || -rĩĩld /ʁi:ld/
|-
|-
| 2PL ''vw'' || Example || Example
| 2PL ''vw'' || -rĭĩld /ʁi:ld/ || -rĩĩld /ʁi:ld/
|-
|-
| 3PL ''cæ'' (m.), ''mæhc'' (f.) || Example || Example
| 3PL ''cæ'' (m.), ''mæhc'' (f.) || -ri͠eld /ʁjeld/ or /rjɛld/ || -ri͠ẽld /ʁje:ld/ or /rjɛ:ld/
|-
|-
| 2POL ''ææ̊'' || Example || Example
| 2POL ''ææ̊'' || -ræld /ʁajld/ || -ræ̃ld /ʁa:jld/
|}
|}
====Absolute (Gnostic)====
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Absolute
|-
! Person !! Animate !! Inanimate
|-
| 1SG ''æ̊'' || -yh /joh/ || -ỹh /jo:h/ or /j:oh/
|-
| 2SG ''tw'' || -ys /jɔθ/ || -ỹs /jɔ:θ/ or /j:ɔθ/
|-
| 3SG ''æ'' (m.), ''mæ'' (f.) || -yŧ /jɔt̚/ || -ỹŧ /jɔ:t̚/ or /j:ɔt̚/
|-
| 1PL ''cæ̊n'' || -yƥ /jɔɸ/ || -ỹƥ /jɔ:ɸ/ or /j:ɔɸ/
|-
| 2PL ''vw'' || -yƶ̆ /jɔʒ/ || -ỹƶ̆ /jɔ:ʒ/ or /j:ɔʒ/
|-
| 3PL ''cæ'' (m.), ''mæhc'' (f.) || -yƿ /jowi/ || -yƿ̃ /jow:i/
|-
| 2POL ''ææ̊'' || -yƶ /jɔð/ || -ỹƶ /jɔ:ð/ or /j:ɔð/
|}
====Imperative====
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Present Imperative
|-
! Person !! Animate !! Inanimate
|-
| 2SG ''tw'' || -y /ɔj/ || -ỹ /ɔ:j/ or /ɔj:/
|-
| 3SG ''æ'' (m.), ''mæ'' (f.) || -yt /ɔj/ || -ỹt /ɔ:j/ or /ɔj:/
|-
| 1PL ''cæ̊n'' || -ym /ɔjm/ || -ỹm /ɔ:jm/ or /ɔj:m/
|-
| 2PL ''vw'' || -ytc /ɔj/ || -ỹtc /ɔ:j/ or /ɔj:/
|-
| 3PL ''cæ'' (m.), ''mæhc'' (f.) || -yn /ɔjn/ || -ỹn /ɔ:jn/ or /ɔj:n/
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Past Imperative
|-
! Person !! Animate !! Inanimate
|-
| 2SG ''tw'' || -yld /ɔld/ || -ỹld /ɔ:ld/
|-
| 3SG ''æ'' (m.), ''mæ'' (f.) || -ytͪld /ɔld/ || -ỹtͪld /ɔ:ld/
|-
| 1PL ''cæ̊n'' || -ymͪld /ɔld/ or sometimes /ɔɫd/ || -ỹmͪld /ɔ:ld/ or sometimes /ɔɫ:d/
|-
| 2PL ''vw'' || -ytͪcld /ɔjld/ || -ỹtͪcld /ɔ:jld/ or /ɔj:ld/
|-
| 3PL ''cæ'' (m.), ''mæhc'' (f.) || -ynͪld /ɔld/ or sometimes /ɔɫd/ || -ỹnͪld /ɔ:ld/ or sometimes /ɔɫ:d/
|}
The phoneme /ɫ/ no longer exists in modern Ŧœlsin but some speakers actually keep remains of it in their speech.
====Conditional====
====Subjunctive====
===Adverbs===
===Adverbs===
===Particles===
===Particles===
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