Cubellian: Difference between revisions

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|setting = Alternative history, central classical era Italy

|region = [[w:Polynesia|Polynesia]]

~~|speakers = 0~~

~~|date = 2026~~

|created = 2025

|familycolor = Indo-European

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|ethnicity = Cubelli / Cibellini / Cubrii

| ancestor = Early Cubellian

| extinct = ~ 300 CE as a spoken language

}}

'''Cubellian''' (''Faƨ Totas'' or simply ''Cubrio'') is an extinct [[w:Osco-Umbrian languages|Sabellic]] language attested in central Italy. Historically a language of interest for scholars, who couldn't seem to agree wether Cubellian belonged to the [[w:Oscan language|Oscan]] or [[w:Umbrian language|Umbrian]] dialect group, as it exhibits features found in both languages as well as some interesting innovations. The modern academic consensus views Cubellian as more closely related to Umbrian than to Oscan, mainly due to similarities in vocabulary and certain aspects of the verbal and nominal systems, though it might still represent an early split from core-Umbrian. Given its geographical position, It was thought in the past that Cubellian might have represented an intermediate language between Oscan and Umbrian, however this is no longer believed to be true. It has also been controversially suggested that Cubellian might be most closerly related to [[w:South Picene language|South Picene]].

'''Cubellian''' (''Faƨ Totas'' or simply ''Cubrio''), also known as '''Cibellinian''' or '''Cubrian''' is an extinct [[w:Osco-Umbrian languages|Sabellic]] language attested in central Italy. Historically a language of interest for scholars, who couldn't seem to agree wether Cubellian belonged to the [[w:Oscan language|Oscan]] or [[w:Umbrian language|Umbrian]] dialect group, as it exhibits features found in both languages as well as some interesting innovations. The modern academic consensus views Cubellian as more closely related to Umbrian than to Oscan, mainly due to similarities in vocabulary and certain aspects of the verbal and nominal systems, though it might still represent an early split from core-Umbrian. Given its geographical position, It was thought in the past that Cubellian might have represented an intermediate language between Oscan and Umbrian, however this is no longer believed to be true. It has also been controversially suggested that Cubellian might be most closerly related to [[w:South Picene language|South Picene]].

==History==

Cubellian is known from inscriptions dating as far back as the first half of the 4th century BCE. These early inscriptions written in the [[w:Etruscan alphabet|Etruscan]] and [[w:Old Italic scripts|Oscan]] alphabets are sometimes labeled "Early Cubellian" or "Old Cubellian". The most important Early Cubellian inscriptions are the '''Inscription of Fortius Apalius''', the '''Funerary inscription of Porius Tenius''', and the '''Kubrias inscription'''. Following Roman conquest and the adoption of the Latin alphabet, the corpus of Cubellian texts expanded greatly. Still to this day, hundreds of examples of Cubellian writing survive; from plays to prose to poetry and religious texts making Cubellian, besides [[w:Latin language|Latin]], by far the best attested Italic language.

===Demise===

Cubellian continued to be spoken well into the Roman empire, though evidence shows that it was being slowly being replaced by the use of Latin already by the 1st century. Cubellian remained spoken as a native language at least until around the 4th century when the youngest non-religious Cubellian text is dated to. Cubellian remained in limited use as a religious language for at least some centuries, as works from the 7th century describe ritual songs and prayers in Cubellian. It is however likely that at that point knowledge of the language was limited and fading. The last known attestation of Cubellian in any form is from an 8th century text.

==Phonology==

~~~~

~~~~

~~<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:~~

Vowel inventory

Consonant inventory

@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 |setting           = Alternative history, central classical era Italy
 |region            = [[w:Polynesia|Polynesia]]
-|speakers          = 0
-|date              = 2026
 |created           = 2025
 |familycolor       = Indo-European
@@ Line 18: / Line 16: @@
 |ethnicity         = Cubelli / Cibellini / Cubrii
 | ancestor         = Early Cubellian
+| extinct          = ~ 300 CE as a spoken language
 }}
-'''Cubellian''' (''Faƨ Totas'' or simply ''Cubrio'') is an extinct [[w:Osco-Umbrian languages|Sabellic]] language attested in central Italy. Historically a language of interest for scholars, who couldn't seem to agree wether Cubellian belonged to the [[w:Oscan language|Oscan]] or [[w:Umbrian language|Umbrian]] dialect group, as it exhibits features found in both languages as well as some interesting innovations. The modern academic consensus views Cubellian as more closely related to Umbrian than to Oscan, mainly due to similarities in vocabulary and certain aspects of the verbal and nominal systems, though it might still represent an early split from core-Umbrian. Given its geographical position, It was thought in the past that Cubellian might have represented an intermediate language between Oscan and Umbrian, however this is no longer believed to be true. It has also been controversially suggested that Cubellian might be most closerly related to [[w:South Picene language|South Picene]].
+'''Cubellian''' (''Faƨ Totas'' or simply ''Cubrio''), also known as '''Cibellinian''' or '''Cubrian''' is an extinct [[w:Osco-Umbrian languages|Sabellic]] language attested in central Italy. Historically a language of interest for scholars, who couldn't seem to agree wether Cubellian belonged to the [[w:Oscan language|Oscan]] or [[w:Umbrian language|Umbrian]] dialect group, as it exhibits features found in both languages as well as some interesting innovations. The modern academic consensus views Cubellian as more closely related to Umbrian than to Oscan, mainly due to similarities in vocabulary and certain aspects of the verbal and nominal systems, though it might still represent an early split from core-Umbrian. Given its geographical position, It was thought in the past that Cubellian might have represented an intermediate language between Oscan and Umbrian, however this is no longer believed to be true. It has also been controversially suggested that Cubellian might be most closerly related to [[w:South Picene language|South Picene]].
+==History==
+Cubellian is known from inscriptions dating as far back as the first half of the 4th century BCE. These early inscriptions written in the [[w:Etruscan alphabet|Etruscan]] and [[w:Old Italic scripts|Oscan]] alphabets are sometimes labeled "Early Cubellian" or "Old Cubellian". The most important Early Cubellian inscriptions are the '''Inscription of Fortius Apalius''', the '''Funerary inscription of Porius Tenius''', and the '''Kubrias inscription'''. Following Roman conquest and the adoption of the Latin alphabet, the corpus of Cubellian texts expanded greatly. Still to this day, hundreds of examples of Cubellian writing survive; from plays to prose to poetry and religious texts making Cubellian, besides [[w:Latin language|Latin]], by far the best attested Italic language.
+===Demise===
+Cubellian continued to be spoken well into the Roman empire, though evidence shows that it was being slowly being replaced by the use of Latin already by the 1st century. Cubellian remained spoken as a native language at least until around the 4th century when the youngest non-religious Cubellian text is dated to. Cubellian remained in limited use as a religious language for at least some centuries, as works from the 7th century describe ritual songs and prayers in Cubellian. It is however likely that at that point knowledge of the language was limited and fading. The last known attestation of Cubellian in any form is from an 8th century text.
 ==Phonology==
-<!-- ***Phonology*** -->
-<!-- What sounds does your language use? -->
-<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:
 Vowel inventory
 Consonant inventory