User:IlL/Spare pages 1/51: Difference between revisions
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!colspan="2"| Liquid | !colspan="2"| Liquid | ||
| || '''ꝛ, ꝛꝛ''' ɾ~ɺ~l || || || '''l, ll''' ʀ | | || '''ꝛ, ꝛꝛ''' ɾ~ɺ~l || || || '''l, ll''' ʀ || | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="2"| Approximant | !colspan="2"| Approximant | ||
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*Unaspirated consonants /p, t, k/ are half-voiced [b̥, d̥, ɡ̊] between vowels (at least within a word). | *Unaspirated consonants /p, t, k/ are half-voiced [b̥, d̥, ɡ̊] between vowels (at least within a word). | ||
*/w/ is a labiovelar approximant [ɰʷ] with the vocalic quality of [u]. | */w/ is a labiovelar approximant [ɰʷ] with the vocalic quality of [u]. | ||
*/tʰ, t, ɬ, ɮ/ are usually alveolar [tʰ, t, ɬ, ɮ] | */n, tʰ, t, ɬ, ɮ/ are usually alveolar [n, tʰ, t, ɬ, ɮ], but can be dental [n̪, t̪ʰ, t̪, ɬ̪, ɮ̪] as well. | ||
*/s, z/ are alveolar retracted [s̠, z̠], similar to the Northern/Central Castillan Spanish and Modern Greek /s/. | */s, z/ are alveolar retracted [s̠, z̠], similar to the Northern/Central Castillan Spanish and Modern Greek /s/. | ||
*The coronal liquid has 3 allophones broadly: | *The coronal liquid has 3 allophones broadly: | ||
**After a consonant, it is a postalveolar [ | **After a consonant, it is a postalveolar [ɾ̞]. | ||
**Word-initially or intervocalically, it can be a lateral flap [ | **Word-initially or intervocalically, it can be a lateral flap [ɺ̠]. | ||
**Before a | **Before a consonant or word-finally, it is a postalveolar lateral [l̠], with varying resonances (though never velarized) depending on speaker. | ||
*/ŋ, kʰ, k/ are usually velar [ŋ, kʰ, k], but are often labialized pharyngealized uvular [ɴʷˁ, qʷˁʰ, qʷˁ] next to /ʀ~ʟ/. /kʰʀ/ becomes an affricate or a trilled affricate [qχ]. | */ŋ, kʰ, k/ are usually velar [ŋ, kʰ, k], but are often labialized pharyngealized uvular [ɴʷˁ, qʷˁʰ, qʷˁ] next to /ʀ~ʟ/. /kʰʀ/ becomes an affricate or a trilled affricate [qχ]. | ||
*/ŋ, kʰ, k, x, ɣ/ palatalize to [ɲ, cʰ~cç, c, ç, j] before /iː yː iə yə eː øː/. | */ŋ, kʰ, k, x, ɣ/ palatalize to [ɲ, cʰ~cç, c, ç, j] before /iː yː iə yə eː øː/. | ||
*The uvular liquid / | *The uvular liquid /ʁ/: | ||
**The | **The allophone occuring before vowels is a pharyngealized uvular fricative or approximant [ʁᵝˤ] in careful speech which devoices to [χᵝˤ] after an aspirate or another fricative. In casual speech it tends to become velar [ɰᵝ]. | ||
**The allophone | **The allophone occuring before consonants is phonetically a pharyngealized uvular approximant with compressed rounding [ʁ̞ᵝˤ~ʁ̠̞ᵝ]; the vocalic quality resembles [ɤ]. It is similar to the Philadelphia English vocalized L. | ||
**In classical singing and some | **In classical singing and some accents [ɫ] is used in all positions. | ||
*After a vowel, /ɣ/ disappears with compensatory lengthening of the vowel if the vowel is short. (Unless the /ɣ/ begins a stressed syllable.) | *After a vowel, /ɣ/ disappears with compensatory lengthening of the vowel if the vowel is short. (Unless the /ɣ/ begins a stressed syllable.) | ||
====Fortis and lenis resonants==== | ====Fortis and lenis resonants==== | ||
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One dialect has: | One dialect has: | ||
*/l/ > / | */l/ > /ʁᵝˤ/ | ||
*/L/ > /l̪ˠ/ | */L/ > /l̪ˠ/ | ||
*/n/ > / | */n/ > /ð̞̃/ | ||
*/N/ > / | */N/ > /n/ | ||
*/r/ > / | */r/ > /ɹ/ | ||
*/R/ > / | */R/ > /ɾ/ | ||
====Mutations==== | ====Mutations==== | ||