Tlu: Difference between revisions
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Nouns are reduplicated for plural, and take possessive prefixes. They do not decline for case, unlike adjectives and determiners. When nouns are preceded by a determiner or an adjective, they (even if plural) do ''not'' take a plural form. | Nouns are reduplicated for plural, and take possessive prefixes. They do not decline for case, unlike adjectives and determiners. When nouns are preceded by a determiner or an adjective, they (even if plural) do ''not'' take a plural form. | ||
{| class=" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="3" |''chnousaṭ'' - 'priest, shaman' | !colspan="3" |''chnousaṭ'' - 'priest, shaman' | ||
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===Adjectives=== | ===Adjectives=== | ||
Adjectives precede nouns and inflect for gender, number and case. Demonstratives and determiners also inflect as adjectives. | Adjectives precede nouns and inflect for gender, number and case. Demonstratives and determiners also inflect as adjectives. | ||
{| class=" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible " style=" text-align: center;" | ||
! colspan="3" | ''zviṭəʔ'' 'big' (masculine) | ! colspan="3" | ''zviṭəʔ'' 'big' (masculine) | ||
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|} | |} | ||
{| class=" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible " style=" text-align: center;" | ||
! colspan="3" | ''zviṭəʔ'' 'big' (feminine) | ! colspan="3" | ''zviṭəʔ'' 'big' (feminine) | ||
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The definite article inflects as follows: | The definite article inflects as follows: | ||
{| class=" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible " style=" text-align: center;" | ||
! colspan="3" | ''miʔ'' 'definite article' (masculine) | ! colspan="3" | ''miʔ'' 'definite article' (masculine) | ||
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|} | |} | ||
{| class=" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible " style=" text-align: center;" | ||
! colspan="3" | ''miʔ'' 'definite article' (feminine) | ! colspan="3" | ''miʔ'' 'definite article' (feminine) | ||
|- | |- | ||
Revision as of 13:42, 22 July 2016
Tlu is an ancient Mustlup language inspired by my oldest draft of Proto-Talmic.
Phonology
Consonants
/m n ɳ ɲ ŋ p t tɬ ʈ c k q ʔ b d dɮ ɖ ɟ g f s̠ ɬ x h z̠ ɮ ʋ l ɭ j/ ⟨m n ṇ ñ ŋ p t ƛ ṭ ť k q ʔ b d λ ḍ ď g f s σ ch h z ʒ v l ḷ j⟩
Vowels
/i iː u uː ə əː a aː ai au ei ou ie uo/ ⟨i ī u ū ə ə̄ a ā ai au ei ou ie uo⟩
Orthography
Prosody
Stress
Stress falls on the first heavy (CV̄, CVV or CVC) syllable, if it is not the final syllable. If no syllables are long, the first syllable is stressed.
Intonation
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Morphology
Pronouns
- 1sg, 2sg, 3sg, 1pl, 2pl, 3pl: sƛī, ŋə̄, līb, zad, chau, ləlīb
Nouns
Nouns are reduplicated for plural, and take possessive prefixes. They do not decline for case, unlike adjectives and determiners. When nouns are preceded by a determiner or an adjective, they (even if plural) do not take a plural form.
| chnousaṭ - 'priest, shaman' | ||
|---|---|---|
| Number→ State↓ |
Singular | Plural |
| Indefinite | chnousaṭ | chəchnousaṭ |
| 1sg possessor | łichnousaṭ | łichəchnousaṭ |
| 2sg possessor | ŋəchnousaṭ | ŋəchəchnousaṭ |
| 3sg.m possessor | ʔəchnousaṭ | ʔəchnousaṭ |
| 3sg.f possessor | ʔūchnousaṭ | ʔūchəchnousaṭ |
| 1pl possessor | zdəchnousaṭ | zdəchəchnousaṭ |
| 2pl possessor | hauchnousaṭ | hauchəchnousaṭ |
| 3pl.m possessor | ʔəŋchnousaṭ | ʔəŋchəchnousaṭ |
| 3pl.f possessor | ʔəstchnousaṭ | ʔəstchəchnousaṭ |
- mich sud sə·tətāňi
- DEF-ACC man 3SG-PL-house
- the man's houses
Adjectives
Adjectives precede nouns and inflect for gender, number and case. Demonstratives and determiners also inflect as adjectives.
| zviṭəʔ 'big' (masculine) | ||
|---|---|---|
| State | Singular | Plural |
| Nominative | zviṭəʔ | zviṭuo |
| Oblique | zviṭuch | zviṭəŋ |
| zviṭəʔ 'big' (feminine) | ||
|---|---|---|
| State | Singular | Plural |
| Nominative | zviṭə̄ | zviṭə̄f |
| Oblique | zviṭə̄ʔ | zviṭə̄st |
The definite article inflects as follows:
| miʔ 'definite article' (masculine) | ||
|---|---|---|
| State | Singular | Plural |
| Nominative | miʔ | muo |
| Oblique | mich | miŋ |
| miʔ 'definite article' (feminine) | ||
|---|---|---|
| State | Singular | Plural |
| Nominative | mə̄ | mə̄f |
| Oblique | mə̄ʔ | mə̄st |
Verbs
Numerals
Tlu uses a base-12 numeral system. Numerals are indeclinable.
- 1: seiďu /ˈseiɟu/
- 2: bli /bli/
- 3: sqā /sqaː/
- 4: māvuo /ˈmaːʋuo/
- 5: paiku /ˈpaiku/
- 6: ə̄ƛich /ˈəːtɬix/
- 7: zətə̄ /ˈzətəː/
- 8: baŋud /ˈbaŋud/
- 9: ďavuň /ˈɟaʋuɲ/
- 10: fqāchṭī /ˈfqaːxʈiː/
- 11: bə̄zie /ˈbəːzie/
- 12: zie /zie/
The ordinal numbers are adjectives:
- 1: tmugəʔ
- 2: bligəʔ
- 3: sqāgəʔ
- 4: māvgəʔ
- 5: paigəʔ
- 6: ə̄ƛigəʔ
- 7: zətgəʔ
- 8: baŋudgəʔ
- 9: ďavuňgəʔ
- 10: fqāchṭīgəʔ
- 11: bə̄ziegəʔ
- 12: ziegəʔ
etc.