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==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
===Verbs=== | |||
The Rttirri verb is richly polysynthetic, and contains the following slots for affixes. Slots marked with a '''†''' are required for all verbs. | The Rttirri verb is richly polysynthetic, and contains the following slots for affixes. Slots marked with a '''†''' are required for all verbs. | ||
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! Absolutive Agent<br>Person/Number (†) | ! Absolutive Agent<br>Person/Number (†) | ||
| ''ni-'' (me)<br>''ki-'' (you)<br>''∅-'' (him/her/it)<br>''mi-'' (us)<br>''ti-'' (you all)<br>''hhi-'' (them) | | ''ni-'' (me)<br>''ki-'' (you)<br>''∅-'' (him/her/it)<br>''mi-'' (us)<br>''ti-'' (you all)<br>''hhi-'' (them) | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Mood | ! Mood | ||
| ''-sya-'' (optative)<br>''-ppa-'' (adhortative)<br>''-mappa-'' (cohortative)<br>''-tya-'' (interrogative)<br>''-nai-'' (subjunctive)<br>''-kai-'' (conditional)<br>''-kka-'' (imperative)<br>''-sma-'' (generic) | | ''-sya-'' (optative)<br>''-ppa-'' (adhortative)<br>''-mappa-'' (cohortative)<br>''-tya-'' (interrogative)<br>''-nai-'' (subjunctive)<br>''-kai-'' (conditional)<br>''-kka-'' (imperative)<br>''-sma-'' (generic) | ||
|- | |||
! Past Tense | |||
| ''-pu-'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Verb Root (†)<br>+ Question Infix | ! Verb Root (†)<br>+ Question Infix | ||
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| ''-kaki-'' (to be able to) | | ''-kaki-'' (to be able to) | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Future Tense | ||
| ''- | | ''-mi-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Incorporated Noun<br>(for transitive verbs) | ! Incorporated Noun<br>(for transitive verbs) | ||
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|} | |} | ||
===Irregular verbs=== | ====Irregular verbs==== | ||
Rttirri has 20 irregular verbs, which have special forms for the past and future inflections. However, when used with a modal verb, they are regularized, so the normal affixes ''-pu-'' and ''-mi-'' are used. | Rttirri has 20 irregular verbs, which have special forms for the past and future inflections. However, when used with a modal verb, they are regularized, so the normal affixes ''-pu-'' and ''-mi-'' are used. | ||
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|} | |} | ||
===''Wh-'' questions=== | ====''Wh-'' questions==== | ||
Non-binary questions (ones where the answer is not a simple "yes" or "no") are expressed in two different ways. | Non-binary questions (ones where the answer is not a simple "yes" or "no") are expressed in two different ways. | ||
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*''fi-'' (absolutive) | *''fi-'' (absolutive) | ||
:''Ke-'''fi'''-chi | :''Ke-'''fi'''-pu-chi-nu uhiki?'' | ||
:2SG.ERG-what.ABS-eat | :2SG.ERG-what.ABS-PST-eat-DRPAC today | ||
:What did you eat today? | :What did you eat today? | ||
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:2PL.ABS-talk.why-DRPAC IMPF NEG | :2PL.ABS-talk.why-DRPAC IMPF NEG | ||
Why aren't you guys talking? | Why aren't you guys talking? | ||
===Nouns=== | |||
Compared to verb inflection, noun inflection in Rttirri is fairly simple. | |||
====Possession==== | |||
Like Arabic, Rttirri nouns may be inflected for possessor, using the ergative prefixes. | |||
:'''''na'''-puki'' | |||
:1SG.GEN-dog | |||
:My dog | |||
Rttirri is considered a pro-drop language, but when emphatic pronouns are used, they are formed with ''-ttu'' ("self") in this way. | |||
''Ke-hhi-pu-enai-syi ke-'''ttu'''!'' | |||
:2SG.ERG-3PL.ABS-kill-INFER 2SG.GEN-self | |||
:''You'' killed them! | |||
====Postpositions==== | |||
Nouns can take the following postpositions: | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|- | |||
! Postposition | |||
! English Translation | |||
|- | |||
| ''-pu'' | |||
| inside, among | |||
|- | |||
| ''-kka'' | |||
| to | |||
|- | |||
| ''-hha'' | |||
| from | |||
|- | |||
| ''-ri'' | |||
| at, worth | |||
|- | |||
| ''-rta'' | |||
| with (comitative) | |||
|- | |||
| ''-rratye'' | |||
| with (instrumental) | |||
|- | |||
| ''-nupe'' | |||
| above | |||
|- | |||
| ''-pe'' | |||
| below | |||
|- | |||
| ''-rnaha'' | |||
| in front of | |||
|- | |||
| ''-fani'' | |||
| in back of | |||
|- | |||
| ''-ppirsa'' | |||
| outside | |||
|- | |||
| ''-nye'' | |||
| of, near | |||
|- | |||
| ''-fappe'' | |||
| far from | |||
|- | |||
| ''-sya'' | |||
| across | |||
|- | |||
| ''-chatta'' | |||
| through | |||
|- | |||
| ''-pimi'' | |||
| between (2 people/things) | |||
|- | |||
| ''-tyeri'' | |||
| among (3+ people/thing) | |||
|- | |||
| ''-wenyi'' | |||
| except | |||
|- | |||
| ''-fu'' | |||
| only | |||
|- | |||
| ''-niwa'' | |||
| around | |||
|- | |||
| ''-hara'' | |||
| about | |||
|- | |||
| ''-hhui'' | |||
| for | |||
|- | |||
| ''-misu'' | |||
| like, similar to | |||
|} | |||
The noun affixes are not clitics; all other words modifying the noun come after them both. | |||
:''∅-Pu-wikka-na '''wa'''-rra-'''ma'''-'''kka''' rasi tau.'' | |||
:PST-3SG.ABS-run-DRPAC 3SG.GEN-house-PL-DAT red two | |||
:She ran to her two red houses. | |||
==External links== | |||
* [http://conworkshop.info/view_language.php?l=RTP Rttirri] on ConWorkShop | |||
<!--[[Category:Languages]] | <!--[[Category:Languages]] | ||
[[Category:Languages of Rttirria]]--> | [[Category:Languages of Rttirria]]--> | ||
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